Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers have a bright future ahead as components of nano-engineered materials, as they are an abundant, renewable and sustainable resource with outstanding mechanical properties. However, before considering real-world applications, an efficient and energetically friendly production process needs to be developed that overcomes the extensive energy consumption of shear-based existing processes. This paper analyses how the charge content influences the mechanical energy that is needed to disintegrate a cellulose fiber. The introduction of charge groups (carboxylate) is achieved through periodate oxidation followed by chlorite oxidation reactions, carried out to different extents. Modified samples are then subjected to different levels of controlled mechanical energy and the yields of three different fractions, separated by size, are obtained. The process produces highly functionalized cellulose nanofibers based almost exclusively on chemical reactions, thus avoiding the use of intensive mechanical energy in the process and consequently reducing drastically the energy consumption.
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Acknowledgments
This work was funded by an Industrial Research Chair, funded by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and FPInnovations. The contribution of undergraduate students who participated in an industrial design project course in Chemical Engineering Department, McGill University, in which some of the data were collected, is also acknowledged.
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Tejado, A., Alam, M.N., Antal, M. et al. Energy requirements for the disintegration of cellulose fibers into cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose 19, 831–842 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9694-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9694-4