Abstract
Swelling of regenerated cellulose in nonalkali aqueous solutions containing lithium chloride and urea (LiCl/urea/water) was examined. The effect of solution concentration on fiber properties was studied using microscopy, weight gain (swelling), and mechanical strength tests. The regenerated cellulose samples included lyocell fibers, viscose fibers, and fibers spun from alkali. The change in the mechanical properties of treated fibers was smaller than that of fibers treated with alkali to the same level of swelling. The degree of swelling in these solutions was related to the propensity for the formation of Li–cellulose coordination complexes, and these were enhanced by reductions in both urea and water content.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Bui HM, Lenninger M, Manian AP, Abu-Rous M, Schimper CB, Schuster KC, Bechtold T (2008) Treatment in swelling solutions modifying cellulose fiber reactivity—Part 2: accessibility and reactivity. Macromol Symp 262:50–64
Cuissinat C, Navard P (2006) Swelling and dissolution of cellulose Part 1: free floating cotton and wood fibres in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide-water mixtures. Macromol Symp 244:1–18
Dinand E, Vignon M, Chanzy H, Veux L (2002) Mercerization of primary wall cellulose and its implication for the conversion of cellulose I → cellulose II. Cellulose 9:7–18
El Seoud OA, Koschella A, Fidale LC, Dorn S, Heinze T (2007) Applications of ionic liquids in carbohydrate chemistry: a window of opportunities. Biomacromolecules 8:2629–2647
Freytag R, Donze JJ (1983) Chemical processing of fabrics—fundamentals and applications. In: Lewin M, Sello SB (eds) Handbook of fibre science and technology: part A, vol 1. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 91
Klemm D, Philipp B, Heinze T, Heinze U, Wagenknecht W (1998) Comprehensive cellulose chemistry: fundamentals and analytical methods, vol 2. Weinheim, VCH Verlag, WILEY
Kunze J, Fink HP (2005) Structural changes and activation of cellulose by caustic soda solution with urea. Macromol Symp 223:175–187
Leipner H, Fischer S, Brendler E, Voigt W (2000) Structural changes of cellulose dissolved in molten salt hydrates. Macromol Chem Phys 201:2041–2049
Li X, Yang ZZ (2005) Study of lithium cation in water clusters: based on atom-bond electronegativity equalization method fused into molecular mechanics. J Phys Chem A 109:4102–4111
Marcincin A, Dolgos O, Rusnak A, Ciechanska D, Wawro D (2007) Rheological properties of biocelsol/viscose blend solutions and properties of regenerated cellulose films. Fibres Text East Eur 15:20–25
McGavock WG, Bryant JM, Wendlandt WW (1956) Urea complexes of lithium chloride. Science 123:897
Olsher U, Izatt RM, Bradshaw JS, Dalley NK (1991) Coordination chemistry of lithium ion: a crystal and molecular structure–Review. Chem Rev 91:137–164
Schurz J, Lenz J (1994) Investigations on the structure of regenerated cellulose fibers. Macromol Symp 83:273–289
Striegel AM (2003) Advances in the understanding of the dissolution mechanism of cellulose in DMAc/LiCl. J Chil Chem Soc 48:73–77
White P (2001) Lyocell: the production process and market development. In: Woodings C (ed) Regenerated cellulose fibres. Woodhead, Cambridge, pp 62–88
Wilkes AG (2001) The viscose process. In: Woodings C (ed) Regenerated cellulose fibres. Woodhead, Cambridge, pp 37–61
Xiao M, Frey MW (2007) The role of salt on cellulose dissolution in ethylene diamine/salt solvent systems. Cellulose 14:225–234
Acknowledgments
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 214015. The authors gratefully acknowledge Versuchsanstalt-Textil-Dornbirn for use of their facilities. They are also grateful to Ms. Sandra Köppel and Dr. Eduard Burtscher for assistance during nitrogen analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Member of EPNOE—European Polysaccharide Network of Excellence, www.epnoe.eu.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tatárová, I., Manian, A.P., Široká, B. et al. Nonalkali swelling solutions for regenerated cellulose. Cellulose 17, 913–922 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-010-9429-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-010-9429-3