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Longitudinal Association Between Risk Profiles, School Dropout Risk, and Substance Abuse in Adolescence

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Abstract

Background

Youth psychosocial and school adjustment results from complex developmental transactions between their individual characteristics and diverse environmental influences, which appear as risk or protective factors throughout one’s development.

Objective

From an ecosystemic and developmental perspective, this study aims to: (1) identify risk profiles among 13-year-old adolescents, and (2) associate these specific profiles with school dropout risk and substance abuse at age 15 years.

Method

Data comes from a large Canadian study, the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Development through which adolescents (n = 1312) answered questionnaires at 13 and 15 years old.

Results

First, through latent profile analyses, five profiles were identified based on individual, family, social, and school-based risk factors. Some profiles present higher levels of risk factors, while others comprise risk factors that are under the sample average level. Higher-risk profiles show stronger longitudinal associations with later adjustment difficulties.

Conclusions

The findings help provide a deeper understanding of how the co-occurrence of various risk factors in adolescence is associated with later adjustment. The combination of the developmental psychopathology and ecosystemic frameworks, as well as the person-centered approach allowed by the latent profile analyses, helps shed new light on individual and developmental risk.

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Funding

Funding was provided by Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada (Grant No. 950-230848).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département d’Éducation et Formation Spécialisées, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada

    Mélissa Goulet

  2. Département de Psychoéducation et de Psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 5 Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, QC, J7Z 0B7, Canada

    Marie-Eve Clément, Sonia Helie & Aude Villatte

  3. Research Institute on Youth in Diffculty, 1001, Maisonneuve Est., Montreal, QC, H2L 4R5, Canada

    Mélissa Goulet, Marie-Eve Clément & Sonia Helie

  4. Research Laboratory in Child Maltreatment Epidemiology, 5 Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, QC, J7Z 0B7, Canada

    Mélissa Goulet, Marie-Eve Clément & Aude Villatte

  5. Canada Research Chair in Violence Against Children, 5 Saint-Joseph, Saint-Jérôme, QC, J7Z 0B7, Canada

    Marie-Eve Clément

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  1. Mélissa Goulet
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  2. Marie-Eve Clément
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Correspondence to Marie-Eve Clément.

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Goulet, M., Clément, ME., Helie, S. et al. Longitudinal Association Between Risk Profiles, School Dropout Risk, and Substance Abuse in Adolescence. Child Youth Care Forum 49, 687–706 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-020-09550-9

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