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Effect of MCAA Synthesis and Calcination Temperature on Heterojunction Formation and Photocatalytic Activity of Biphasic TiO2 (B/A)

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A Correction to this article was published on 14 December 2023

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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of calcination temperature and the use of monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) as a complexing agent during the synthesis of TiO2 heterojunctions on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 containing a heterojunction of anatase (A) and brookite (B). The TiO2 samples were dried at 100 °C and subjected to calcination in the temperature range of 200–500 °C. As the calcination temperature increased, changes in chemical composition, phase composition, specific surface area, pore size distribution, and band gap energy were observed, influencing the photocatalytic behavior during Acid Orange (AO7) photodegradation. With increasing calcination temperature, the anatase content slightly increased to 81.8 wt.%, while the brookite content decreased. Additionally, the anatase crystallite size increased from 5 to 7 nm, and the brookite crystallite size increased from 8 to 11 nm. These phase changes were characterized by a slight decrease in the brookite/anatase (B/A) molar ratio from 0.27 to 0.22. Concurrently, the specific surface area of TiO2 samples decreased from 180 to 70 m2 g−1, accompanied by alterations in the pore size distribution. The decrease in photocatalytic activity was evident, as the apparent rate constant kapp of AO7 photodegradation declined from 2.1 × 10–3 min−1 (100 °C) to 0.7 × 10–3 min−1 (500 °C). This reduction was attributed to the partial destruction of anatase/brookite heterojunctions on the photocatalyst surface, which underwent changes in size and surface structure due to sintering. Moreover, the presence of Ti3+, Ti4+, Ti–O, and Ti–OH hydroxyl groups played a significant role in the degradation process. Overall, this investigation sheds light on the crucial role of calcination temperature in modulating the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 heterojunctions and highlights the importance of heterojunction in enhancing photocatalytic activity.

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Acknowledgements

The work was carried out in the frame of the COST Action CA18125 "Advanced Engineering and Research of aerogels for Environment and Life Sciences" (AERoGELS) and funded by the European Commission". The authors acknowledge the support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Grant No. LTC20019. We also acknowledge CzechNanoLab Research Infrastructure supported by MEYS CR (LM2023051).

Funding

This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Grant numbers LTC20019. We also acknowledge CzechNanoLab Research Infrastructure supported by MEYS CR (LM2023051).

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  1. CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Lizeth Katherine Tinoco Navarro, Jaroslav Cihlar, Jan Michalicka, Jaroslav Kastyl & Klara Castkova

  2. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Cihlar & Klara Castkova

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  1. Lizeth Katherine Tinoco Navarro
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All authors contributed to the study as it follows. KTN: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis writing—original draft, review & editing. JC: supervision, investigation, validation, formal analysis, writing—review & editing. KC: project administration, validation, writing—review & editing. JM: formal analysis, validation, writing—review & editing. JK: formal analysis, validation, writing—review & editing.

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Correspondence to Lizeth Katherine Tinoco Navarro.

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Tinoco Navarro, L.K., Cihlar, J., Michalicka, J. et al. Effect of MCAA Synthesis and Calcination Temperature on Heterojunction Formation and Photocatalytic Activity of Biphasic TiO2 (B/A). Catal Lett 154, 2422–2442 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04489-7

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