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Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone Using WO3 Supported Tiny Pd Clusters Catalysts

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Abstract

Cyclohexanone is a crucial intermediate for producing nylon and other industrial products. However, the direct hydrogenation of phenol for synthesizing cyclohexanone easily generates cyclohexanol and thus reduce the yield. In this work, the Pd/WO3 catalysts with different Pd contents (Pd/WO3-1–0.21 wt%, Pd/WO3-2–0.69 wt%, Pd/WO3-3–2.20 wt%) are prepared via using sodium borohydride liquid phase reduction, which have good catalytic performance for phenol selective hydrogenation. The Pd/WO3-2 catalyst can achieve 92.9% conversion, 84.4% selectivity and high TOF (turnover frequency) of 349.1 h−1 under the reaction conditions (120 °C, 2 h, 3.0 MPa H2). The nanostructures of the catalysts are extensively characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, STEM and STEM-EDS elemental mapping and line-scanning. It is found that the Pd/WO3-2 catalyst has a high Pd dispersion and quite tiny Pd clusters. Alternatively, the stability experiment of Pd/WO3-2 indicates that the conversion decreases from 92.9% to 87.5% and the selectivity to cyclohexanone does not change significantly (84%) after it is recycled for five times.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 22162012 and 22202089), Youth Jinggang Scholars Program in Jiangxi Province (57), Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province (jxsq2019201083), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. 20224ACB213005), Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology (JXUSTQJBJ2019002), Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Jiangxi Province of China (GJJ210833), and Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry (20212BCD42018).

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  1. Kaihui Li and Junyuan Xu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiang Xi, China

    Kaihui Li, Junyuan Xu, Huan Zhang & Lihua Zhu

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  1. Kaihui Li
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  2. Junyuan Xu
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  3. Huan Zhang
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  4. Lihua Zhu
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Correspondence to Lihua Zhu.

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Li, K., Xu, J., Zhang, H. et al. Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone Using WO3 Supported Tiny Pd Clusters Catalysts. Catal Lett 153, 3044–3052 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04431-x

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