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Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilised on Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Sustainable Nanocatalyst for the Reduction of Nitroarenes and Removal of Fluorinated Substances

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Abstract

The design of more environmentally friendly nanoparticles as a catalyst for various fields is the focus of present research. As a part of our ongoing research, we have developed an environmentally friendly approach for reduction of nitroarenes, and for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater through biogenically synthesized palladium nanoparticles grafted on banana leaves extract-modified graphitic carbon nitride [PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE] as a nanocatalyst. The synthesized nanocatalyst showed enhanced activity, greater stability and good selectivity in the reduction of various nitroarenes with the good to excellent yield in a short period of time under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, a remarkable recyclability without any significant loss of catalytic activity demonstrates nanocatalyst’s heterogeneous nature. The PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst can easily hydrogenate an organic contaminant like 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) of ~ 99% conversion in 1.16 min (70 s) with fast pseudo-first order kinetics. In addition, PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst acts as an adsorbent and exhibited effective removal of a highly toxic, environmentally pervasive PFAS from wastewater through simple sorption method.

Graphical Abstract

An environmentally friendly approach for reduction of nitroarenes, and for the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater was developed through biogenically synthesized palladium nanoparticles grafted on banana leaves extract-modified graphitic carbon nitride [PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE] as a nanocatalyst. Further, the nanocatalyst showed enhanced activity, greater stability, and good selectivity in the reduction of various nitroarenes with the good to excellent yield under mild reaction conditions. In addition, PdNPs@g-C3N4-BLE nanocatalyst acts as an adsorbent and exhibited effective removal of a highly toxic, environmentally pervasive PFAS from wastewater through simple sorption method.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Jain University (JU/MRP/CNMS/5/2022), India for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India

    Harini G. Sampatkumar, Novuhulu Rhakho, Vishal Kandathil, Manjunatha Kempasiddaiah, Ramesh B. Dateer, Akshaya K. Samal & Siddappa A. Patil

  2. Department of Chemistry, J. S. S. Banashankari Arts, Commerce & S. K. Gubbi Science College, Dharwad, 580004, India

    Arunkumar M. Shirahatti

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  1. Harini G. Sampatkumar
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  2. Novuhulu Rhakho
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  7. Akshaya K. Samal
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Contributions

HGS: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft. NR: conceptualization, investigation, writing—original draft. VK: validation, resources, and visualization. MK: validation, resources, and visualization. AMS: validation, resources, and visualization. RBD: validation, resources, and visualization. AKS: validation, resources, visualization and supervision. SAP: validation, resources, visualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Akshaya K. Samal or Siddappa A. Patil.

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Sampatkumar, H.G., Rhakho, N., Kandathil, V. et al. Green Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilised on Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Sustainable Nanocatalyst for the Reduction of Nitroarenes and Removal of Fluorinated Substances. Catal Lett 154, 352–365 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04341-y

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