Skip to main content
Log in

Metal-Free a Simple and Versatile N → B Dative Bond Stabilized Boron-Based Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones

  • Published:
Catalysis Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, novel boron-containing salen ligands (1 and 2) and their tetra-coordinated boron-based polymers (1a-b and 2a-b) containing N → B coordination bonds were synthesized under suitable conditions. In the first step, the synthesis of boron-containing salen ligands (1 and 2) was carried out as a result of the reaction of 4-formyl phenylboronic acid with different primary amines. Then, the obtained boron-containing salen ligands (1 and 2) were reacted with pentaerythritol and different N-donor ligands, respectively, to synthesize tetra-coordinated polymers (1a-b and 2a-b) containing N → B coordination bonds. Synthesized boron-containing salen ligands and corresponding tetra-coordinated polymers containing (N → B) coordination bonds were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, LC–MS/MS spectrometer, FT-IR, UV–Vis and NMR (1H, 13C, and 11B) spectroscopy for illuminate of their structures. The use of synthesized boron-containing salen ligands (1 and 2) and their polymers (1a-b and 2a-b) containing N → B coordination bonds as novel organocatalysts were tested for the transfer hydrogenation of various aromatic ketones under suitable conditions. Considering all the catalytic results, it was seen that salen ligands (1 and 2) and tetra-coordinated boron-based polymers (1a-b and 2a-b) containing N → B coordination bonds to be suitable organocatalysts in the future for transfer hydrogenation with other boron compounds.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Scheme 1
Scheme 2
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sheepwash E, Zhou K, Scopelliti R, Severin K (2013) Self-assembly of arylboronate esters with pyridyl side chains. Eur J Inorg Chem 2013:2558–2563

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kilic A, Savci A, Alan Y, Birsen H (2021) Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of 4,4-bipyridine linker bioactive macrocycle boronate esters: photophysical properties and antimicrobial with antioxidant studies. J Organomet Chem 941:121807

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cruz-Huerta J, Salazar-Mendoza D, Hernandez-Paredes J, Hernandez Ahuactzic IF, Höpfl H (2012) N-containing boronic esters as self-complementary building blocks for the assembly of 2D and 3D molecular networks. Chem Commun 48:4241–4243

    Google Scholar 

  4. Stephens AJ, Scopelliti R, Tirani FF, Solari E, Severin K (2019) Crystalline polymers based on dative boron-nitrogen bonds and the quest for porosity. ACS Mater Lett 1:3–7

    Google Scholar 

  5. Soylemez R, Uyar Z, Degirmenci M, Kilic A (2022) N→ B stabilized and simplified synthesis for multi-functional boron-containing biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone) and poly (L-lactide) polymers. Mater Today Commun 32:103886

    Google Scholar 

  6. Christinat N, Croisier E, Scopelliti R, Cascella M, Röthlisberger U, Severin K (2007) Formation of boronate ester polymers with efficient intrastrand charge-transfer transitions by three-component reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007:5177–5181

    Google Scholar 

  7. He C, Pan X (2020) MIDA boronate stabilized polymers as a versatile platform for organoboron and functionalized polymers. Macromolecules 53:3700–3708

    Google Scholar 

  8. Matsumı N, Chujo Y (2008) π-Conjugated organoboron polymers via the vacant p-orbital of the boron atom. Polym J 40:77–89

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cho S, Hwang SY, Oh DX, Park J (2021) Recent progress in self-healing polymers and hydrogels based on reversible dynamic B-O bonds: boronic/boronate esters, borax, and benzoxaborole. J Mater Chem A 9:14630–14655

    Google Scholar 

  10. Mastalerz M (2008) The next generation of shape-persistant zeolite analogues: covalent organic frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:445–447

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jakle F (2010) Advances in the synthesis of organoborane polymers for optical, electronic, and sensory applications. Chem Rev 110:3985–4022

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cheng F, Jakle F (2011) Boron-containing polymers as versatile building blocks for functional nanostructured materials. Polym Chem 2:2122

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cambre JN, Sumerlin BS (2011) Biomedical applications of boronic acid polymers. Polymer 52:4631–4643

    Google Scholar 

  14. Zeng X, Dong L, Fu J, Chen L, Zhou J, Zong P, Liu G, Shi L (2022) Enhanced interfacial stability with a novel boron-centered crosslinked hybrid polymer gel electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. Chem Eng J 428:131100

    Google Scholar 

  15. Long X, Dou C, Liu J, Wang L (2018) A homopolymer based on double B⟵N bridged bipyridine as electron acceptor for all-polymer solar cells. Chin Chem Lett 29:1343–1346

    Google Scholar 

  16. Itsuno S, Kamahori K, Watanabe K, Koizumi T, Ito K (1994) Polymer-supported chiral Lewis acids as asymmetric catalysts for diels-alder reactions of methacrolein with cyclopentadiene. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 5:523–526

    Google Scholar 

  17. Kamahori K, Ito K, Itsuno S (1996) Asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of methacrolein with cyclopentadiene using polymer-supported catalysts: Design of highly enantioselective polymeric catalysts. J Org Chem 61:8321–8324

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Franot C, Stone GB, Engeli P, Spöndlin C, Waldvogel G (1995) A polymer-bound oxazaborolidine catalyst: enantioselective borane reductions of ketones. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 6:2755–2766

    Google Scholar 

  19. Choudhary P, Bahuguna A, Kumar A, Dhankhar SS, Nagaraja CM, Krishnan V (2020) Oxidized graphitic carbon nitride as a sustainable metal-free catalyst for hydrogen transfer reactions under mild conditions. Green Chem 22:5084–5095

    Google Scholar 

  20. Kilic A, Durgun M, Durap F, Aydemir M (2019) The chiral boronate-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various aromatic ketones to high-value alcohols: preparation and spectroscopic studies. J Organomet Chem 890:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  21. Temel H, Pasa S, Aydemir M (2015) The application of novel boron complexes in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 26:1058–1064

    Google Scholar 

  22. Chand H, Kumar A, Krishnan V (2021) Borophene and boron-based nanosheets: recent advances in synthesis strategies and applications in the field of environment and energy. Adv Mater Interfaces 8:2100045

    Google Scholar 

  23. Chand H, Choudhary P, Kumar A, Kumar A, Krishnan V (2021) Atmospheric pressure conversion of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates using a metal-free Lewis acid-base bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. J. CO2 Util. 51:101646

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chhabra T, Dhingra S, Nagaraja CM, Krishnan V (2021) Influence of Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites on graphitic carbon nitride catalyst for aqueous phase conversion of biomass derived monosaccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Carbon 183:984–998

    Google Scholar 

  25. Falbe J, Bahrmann H, Lipps W, Mayer D, Frey GD (2013) Ulmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Alcohols. Aliphatic, Wiley-VCH Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kilic A, Alcay F, Aydemir M, Durgun M, Keles A, Baysal A (2015) Synthesis, spectroscopic and catalytic properties of some new boron hybrid molecule derivatives by BF2 and BPh2 chelation. Spectrochim Acta A 42:62–72

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kilic A, Patlak B, Aydemir M, Durap F (2022) Preparation of catechol boronate esters enabled by N→B dative bond as efficient, stable, and green catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of various ketones. Inorg Chim Acta 534:120812

    Google Scholar 

  28. Kilic A, Gezer E, Durap F, Aydemir M, Baysal A (2019) Pd (II) supported dioxime functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles as efficient, eco-friendly and reusable catalysts for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in water. J Organomet Chem 896:129–138

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kilic A, Kaya IH, Ozaslan I, Aydemir M, Durap F (2018) Catechol-type ligand containing new modular design dioxaborinane compounds: Use in the transfer hydrogenation of various ketones. Catal Commun 111:42–46

    Google Scholar 

  30. Uysal S, Uçan I (2009) The synthesis and characterization of melamine based Schiff bases and its trinuclear [salen/salophenFe(III)] and [salen/salophenCr(III)] capped complexes. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 65:299–304

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kilic A, Söylemez R, Okumuş V (2022) Design, spectroscopic properties and effects of novel catechol spiroborates derived from Schiff bases the antioxidant, antibacterial and DNA binding activity. J Organomet Chem 960:122228

    Google Scholar 

  32. Takacs T, Abdelghafour MM, Lamch L, Szenti I, Sebok D, Janovak L, Kukovecz A (2022) Facile modification of hydroxyl group containing macromolecules provides autonomously self-healing polymers through the formation of dynamic Schiff base linkages. Eur Polymer J 168:111086

    Google Scholar 

  33. Xu C, Zhan W, Tang X, Mo F, Fu L, Lin B (2018) Self-healing chitosan/vanillin hydrogels based on Schiff-base bond/hydrogen bond hybrid linkages. Polym Testing 66:155–163

    Google Scholar 

  34. Choudhary P, Sen A, Kumar A, Dhingra S, Nagaraja CM, Krishnan V (2021) Sulfonic acid functionalized graphitic carbon nitride as solid acid-base bifunctional catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation and multicomponent tandem reactions. Mater Chem Front 5:6265–6278

    Google Scholar 

  35. Choudhary P, Kumar A, Krishnan V (2022) Nanoarchitectonics of phosphorylated graphitic carbon nitride for sustainable, selective and metal-free synthesis of primary amides. Chem Eng J 431:133695

    Google Scholar 

  36. Kilic A, Ersayan Balci T, Arslan N, Aydemir M, Durap F, Okumuş V, Tekin R (2020) Synthesis of cis-1,2-diol-type chiral ligands and their dioxaborinane derivatives: application for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various ketones and biological evaluation. Appl Organomet Chem 34:e5835

    Google Scholar 

  37. Zhan Y, Xu Y, Yang P, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu J (2016) Carbazole-based salicylaldimine difluoroboron complex with crystallization-induced emission enhancement and reversible piezofluorochromism characteristics. Tetrahedron Lett 57:5385–5389

    Google Scholar 

  38. Cheng J, Wei K, Ma X, Zhou X, Xiang H (2013) Synthesis and photophysical properties of colorful salen-type Schiff bases. J Phys Chem C 117:16552–16563

    Google Scholar 

  39. Paşa S, Arslan N, Meriç N, Kayan C, Bingül M, Durap F, Aydemir M (2020) Boron containing chiral Schiff bases: synthesis and catalytic activity in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones. J Mol Struct 1200:1270642

    Google Scholar 

  40. Luisier N, Bally K, Scopelliti R, Fadaei FT, Schenk K, Pattison P, Solari E, Severin K (2016) Crystal engineering of polymeric structures with dative boron-nitrogen bonds: design criteria and limitations. Cryst Growth Des 16:6600–6604

    Google Scholar 

  41. Cruz-Huerta J, Campillo-Alvarado G, Höpfl H, Rodríguez-Cuamatzi P, Reyes-Márquez V, Guerrero-Álvarez J, Salazar-Mendoza D, Farfán-García N (2016) Self-assembly of triphenylboroxine and the phenylboronicester of pentaerythritol with piperazine, trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane, and 4-aminopyridine. Eur J Inorg Chem 3:355–365

    Google Scholar 

  42. Wrackmeyer B, Köster R (1982) Borverbindungen, LIV. 17O-NMR-untersuchungen an organo-bor-sauerstoff-cyclen. Chem Ber 115:2022–2034

    Google Scholar 

  43. Sheepwash E, Krampl V, Scopelliti R, Sereda O, Neels A, Severin K (2011) Molecular networks based on dative boron-nitrogen bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:3034–3037

    Google Scholar 

  44. Poyatos M, Mata JA, Falomir E, Crabtree RH, Peris E (2003) New Ruthenium(II) CNC-Pincer Bis(carbene) complexes: synthesis and catalytic activity. Organometallics 22:1110–1114

    Google Scholar 

  45. Hauwert P, Maestri G, Sprengers JW, Catellani M, Elsevier CJ (2008) Transfer semihydrogenation of alkynes catalyzed by a zero-valent palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complex. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:3223–3226

    Google Scholar 

  46. Liddle ST, Edworthy IS, Arnold PL (2007) Anionic tethered N-heterocyclic carbene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 36:1732–1745

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Hillier AC, Lee HM, Stevens ED, Nolan SP (2001) Cationic iridium complexes bearing imidazol-2-ylidene ligands as transfer hydrogenation catalysts. Organometallics 20:4246–4252

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mas-Marza E, Poyatos M, Sanau M, Peris E (2004) A new rhodium(III) complex with a tripodal Bis(imidazolylidene) ligand. Synth Catal Prop Organometal 23:323–325

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hahn FE, Holtgrewe C, Pape T, Martin M, Sola E, Oro LA (2005) Iridium complexes with n-allyl-substituted benzimidazol-2-ylidene ligands and their application in catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Organometallics 24:2203–2209

    Google Scholar 

  50. Burling S, Whittlesey MK, Williams JMJ (2005) Direct and transfer hydrogenation of ketones and imines with a ruthenium n-heterocyclic carbene complex. Adv Synth Catal 347:591–594

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kuhl S, Schneider R, Fort Y (2003) Transfer hydrogenation of imines catalyzed by a nickel (0)/NHC complex. Organometallics 22:4184–4186

    Google Scholar 

  52. Corbean R, Sanau M, Peris E (2007) “Cp*Ir(III)” complexes with hemicleaveable ligands of the type n-alkenyl imidazolin-2-ylidene. Reactivity Catal Prop Organomet 26:3492–3498

    Google Scholar 

  53. Gnanamgari D, Moores A, Rajaseelan E, Crabtree RH (2007) Transfer hydrogenation of imines and alkenes and direct reductive amination of aldehydes catalyzed by triazole-derived iridium(I) carbene complexes. Organometallics 26:1226–1230

    Google Scholar 

  54. Castarlenas R, Esteruelas MA, Onate E (2008) Preparation, x-ray structure, and reactivity of an osmium-hydroxo complex stabilized by an n-heterocyclic carbene ligand: a base-free catalytic precursor for hydrogen transfer from 2-propanol to aldehydes. Organometallics 27:3240–3247

    Google Scholar 

  55. Gnanamgari D, Sauer ELO, Schley ND, Butler C, Incarvito CD, Crabtree RH (2009) Iridium and ruthenium complexes with chelating n-heterocyclic carbenes: efficient catalysts for transfer hydrogenation, β-alkylation of alcohols, and n-alkylation of amines. Organometallics 28:321–325

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gladiali S, Alberico E (2006) Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation: chiral ligands and applications. Chem Soc Rev 35:226–236

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zassinovich G, Mestroni G, Gladiali S (1992) Asymmetric hydrogen transfer reactions promoted by homogeneous transition metal catalysts. Chem Rev 95:1051–1069

    Google Scholar 

  58. Noyori R, Hashiguchi S (1997) Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by chiral ruthenium complexes. Acc Chem Res 30:97–102

    Google Scholar 

  59. Blaser HU, Malan C, Pugin B, Spindler F, Studer M (2003) Selective hydrogenation for fine chemicals: recent trends and new developments. Adv Synth Catal 345:103–151

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kühl O (2007) The chemistry of functionalised N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Soc Rev 36:592–608

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Normand AT, Cavell KJ (2008) Donor-functionalised n-heterocyclic carbene complexes of group 9 and 10 metals in catalysis: trends and directions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008:2781–2800

    Google Scholar 

  62. Chiu PL, Chen CY, Lee CC, Hsieh MH, Chuang CH, Lee HM (2006) Structural variations in novel silver (I) complexes with bitopic pyrazole/N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Inorg Chem 45:2520–2530

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Corberan R, Mas-Marza E, Peris E (2009) Mono-, Bi- and tridentate n-heterocyclic carbene ligands for the preparation of transition-metal-based homogeneous catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009:1700–1716

    Google Scholar 

  64. Poyatos M, Mas-Marza E, Mata JA, Sanau M, Peris E (2003) Synthesis, reactivity, crystal structures and catalytic activity of new chelating bisimidazolium-carbene complexes of Rh. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003:1215–1221

    Google Scholar 

  65. Türkmen H, Pape T, Hahn FE, Çetinkaya B (2008) Annulated n-heterocyclic carbene ligands derived from 2-methylaminopiperidine: their complexes and catalytic applications. Organometallics 27:571–575

    Google Scholar 

  66. Miecznikowski JR, Crabtree RH (2004) Hydrogen transfer reduction of aldehydes with alkali-metal carbonates and iridium NHC complexes. Organometallics 23:629–631

    Google Scholar 

  67. Albrecht M, Miecznikowski JR, Samuel A, Faller JW, Crabtree RH (2002) Chelated iridium(III) bis-carbene complexes as air-stable catalysts for transfer hydrogenation. Organometallics 21:3596–3604

    Google Scholar 

  68. Chiu PL, Lee HM (2005) Chemistry of the PCNHCP ligand: silver and ruthenium complexes, facial/meridional coordination, and catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Organometallics 24:1692–1702

    Google Scholar 

  69. Edwards MG, Jazzar RFR, Paine BM, Shermer DJ, Whittlesey MK, Williams JMJ, Edney DD (2004) Borrowing hydrogen: a catalytic route to C-C bond formation from alcohols. Chem Commun 2004:90–91

    Google Scholar 

  70. Kilic A, Kayan C, Aydemir M, Durap F, Durgun M, Baysal A, Tas E, Gümgüm B (2011) Synthesis of new boron complexes: application to transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 25:390–394

    Google Scholar 

  71. Clapham SE, Hadzovic A, Morris RH (2004) Mechanisms of the H2-hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation of polar bonds catalyzed by ruthenium hydride complexes. Coor Chem Rev 248:2201–2237

    Google Scholar 

  72. Murahashi SI (ed) (2004) Ruthenium in Organic Synthesis. Wiley-VCH Weinheim

    Google Scholar 

  73. Ak B, Aydemir M, Ocak YS, Durap F, Kayan C, Baysal A, Temel H (2014) Readily available ferrocenyl-phosphinite ligands for Ru(II)-catalyzed enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketones and fabrication of hybrid heterojunctions. Inorg Chim Acta 409:244–253

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by the Harran University Research Fund.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmet Kilic.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 5834 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Söylemez, R., Kilic, A., Karaca, E.Ö. et al. Metal-Free a Simple and Versatile N → B Dative Bond Stabilized Boron-Based Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones. Catal Lett 154, 314–327 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04312-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-023-04312-3

Keywords

Navigation