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Zn@CS: An Efficient Cu-Free Catalyst System for Direct Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions and Multicomponent Synthesis of 4-Aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles in H2O and DES

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Abstract

A highly efficient recoverable and reusable heterogeneous Zn-catalyst, chitosan supported ZnSO4. 7H2O (designated as Zn@CS) is synthesized via a simple synthetic route. Low catalyst loading, need of aqueous reaction media and sharp reduction of time requirement in comparison to the previously reported methodologies are some special features of the established Zn catalyzed direct azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Zn@CS-catalyst is also suitable for multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles from different derivatives of benzaldehyde. An inexpensive and environmentally benign deep eutectic solvent (DES), ChCl:PEG-400:Glycerol as a suitable reaction media accelerates these reactions leading to excellent yields of NH-triazoles. Based on literature report a plausible mechanism has been suggested for ZnAAC reaction.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge DST, New Delhi, India for a research grant [No. EMR/2016/002345]. The financial assistance of the DST-FIST and UGC-SAP program to the Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University is also gratefully acknowledged. We are also thankful to Dibrugarh University for providing Dibrugarh University Research Fellowship (DURF). The authors acknowledge CSIC, Dibrugarh University for NMR measurements and Dibrugarh University for providing all infrastructural facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786004, India

    Jasmin Sultana, Anirban Garg, Bidyutjyoti Dutta & Diganta Sarma

  2. Salt and Marine Chemicals Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India

    Akshay Kulshrestha, Kuldeep Singh & Arvind Kumar

  3. Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India

    Shahnaz S. Rohman & Ankur K. Guha

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  1. Jasmin Sultana
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Sultana, J., Garg, A., Kulshrestha, A. et al. Zn@CS: An Efficient Cu-Free Catalyst System for Direct Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions and Multicomponent Synthesis of 4-Aryl-NH-1,2,3-triazoles in H2O and DES. Catal Lett 153, 3516–3526 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-04248-0

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