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Two-Step Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Cu@Pd Nanoparticles for Electro-Oxidation of Formic Acid

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Abstract

Core–shell structure Cu@Pd/C catalysts were prepared in two steps combining microwave-assisted glycol reduction and chemical impregnation method for the first time. Compared with the traditional one-step synthesis of PdCu/C alloy catalysts by microwave (marked as M-PdCu/C) and impregnation (denoted by I-PdCu/C) method, respectively. The Cu@Pd/C catalysts were prepared in two-step show better catalytic performance toward formic acid oxidation, due to its special core–shell structure and better dispersion. On this basis, different proportions of Cux@Pdy/C (x:y = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) catalysts were synthesized by the two-step strategy. The relationship between lattice strain, electron distribution and catalytic performance were explored by physical and chemical characterization. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectra analyses showed that the introduction of Cu lead to the lattice contraction and modified electronic structure of Pd. The electrochemical test showed that Cu@Pd3/C sample has the highest activity toward formic acid electro-oxidation. Its mass activity is about 3.3 times that of Pd/C catalyst that was synthesized by impregnation method (labelled as I-Pd/C). At the same time, the Cu@Pd3/C catalyst also demonstrated improved stability.

Graphical Abstract

The low-palladium catalyst with a Pd–Cu shell–core structure was synthesized by two-step method and has excellent catalytic activity and stability for formic acid electro-oxidation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (Grant No. 2016CFA079) and the financial supports from the Opening Research Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials (Grant No. 202201403).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology (Wuhan Institute of Technology), Wuhan, 430205, People’s Republic of China

    Pengpeng He, Xiong Liu, Xiaojun Yang, Zhiguo Yan, Yichang Chen & Qifeng Tian

  2. School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, People’s Republic of China

    Pengpeng He, Xiong Liu, Xiaojun Yang, Zhiguo Yan, Yichang Chen & Qifeng Tian

  3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People’s Republic of China

    Zhengfang Tian

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  1. Pengpeng He
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He, P., Liu, X., Yang, X. et al. Two-Step Fabrication of Carbon-Supported Cu@Pd Nanoparticles for Electro-Oxidation of Formic Acid. Catal Lett 153, 1068–1082 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-04020-4

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