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Insights into Microstructure and Surface Properties of Pd/C for Liquid Phase Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone

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Abstract

Phenol hydrogenation over Pd/C is a promising technology to produce cyclohexanone, but how to select the carbon supports is not clear. Herein, three types of activated carbon, i.e., produced from coal (C-C), coconut shell (C-CS) and wood (C-W), were selected for the synthesis of Pd/C. The Pd/C catalysts show significant differences in the phenol hydrogenation, and the catalytic activity is in the order of Pd/C-W > Pd/C-CS > Pd/C-C. For example, the phenol conversion of Pd/C-W is 81.6% in dichloromethane, about 4 times higher than that of Pd/C-C. Moreover, Pd/C-W can achieve a phenol conversion of 97.2% with a cyclohexanone selectivity of 97.4% in n-hexane, and has good reusability during at least five reaction cycles. Larger surface area, higher surface N and O contents, more surface defects, abundant acidic and alkaline sites are the key reasons for the superior catalytic activity of Pd/C-W as compared to Pd/C-CS and Pd/C–C.

Graphical Abstract

The type of activated carbon has a remarkable effect on the microstructure and surface properties of Pd/C, and the corresponding catalytic properties for the liquid phase phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone. Larger surface area, higher surface N and O contents, more surface defects, abundant acidic and alkaline sites are the key reasons for the superior catalytic activity of Pd/C-W as compared to Pd/C-CS and Pd/C-C.

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Acknowledgements

The financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation (22178165, 21921006), the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (ZK201902), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20211262), and a project funded by the priority academic program development of Jiangsu higher education institutions (PAPD) of China are gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China

    Zhengyan Qu, Yucheng Liu, Yanhua Shao, Jiuxuan Zhang, Hong Jiang & Rizhi Chen

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  1. Zhengyan Qu
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  2. Yucheng Liu
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  3. Yanhua Shao
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  4. Jiuxuan Zhang
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  5. Hong Jiang
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Qu, Z., Liu, Y., Shao, Y. et al. Insights into Microstructure and Surface Properties of Pd/C for Liquid Phase Phenol Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone. Catal Lett 153, 208–218 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-03973-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-022-03973-w

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