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Synthesis and Characterization of Co/Al-PILCs for the Oxidation of an Azo Dye Using the Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide System

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Abstract

Aluminum pillared clay (Al-PILC) was synthesized and impregnated with Co(II) nitrate (1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 wt.% cobalt), using an incipient wetness impregnation method. The obtained solids were characterized by XRF, XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K and point of zero charge. This is the first study using cobalt impregnated in a pillared clay (Co/Al-PILC) as a catalyst for sunset yellow (SY) degradation, with bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide (BAP) as the oxidizing agent. The influence of the amount of H2O2, the H2O2/NaHCO3 molar ratio, and the amount of Co impregnated in Al-PILC on azo dye oxidation in an aqueous solution was studied. The toxicity of by-products formed after dye oxidation with the BAP system was explored in an anaerobic digestion test. Total decolorizations were obtained for the reactions carried out with three cobalt impregnated catalysts, with 8 times the stoichiometric dose of H2O2 and H2O2/NaHCO3 molar ratios of 0.25 and 4.0. Textural properties of Co (1.0 wt.%)/Al-PILC can be related to its good catalytic performance in the oxidation of SY, using the BAP system, as it preserved 68.8% of the SBET and 66.0% of the microporous area of support. The concentration of leached cobalt in the tests, with the catalysts impregnated with 1.0 and 3.0 wt.% cobalt, was lower than the detection limit (< 0.01 mg/L), which indicated that the active phase was very stable at a basic pH. By-products generated during the oxidation of SY in the BAP system did not inhibit the specific methanogenic activity in anaerobic digestion.

Graphic Abstract

This is the first study using cobalt impregnated in a pillared clay (Co/Al-PILC) as a catalyst for an azo-dye degradation, with bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide (BAP) as the oxidizing agent. Total decolorizations were obtained for the reactions carried out under the conditions studied. However, total carbon and nitrogen removals were low.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge funding for this study by a Colciencias PhD grant (Convocation 757-2016) and the DIMA-UNAL Project (code 50867) of Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales.

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This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 7 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales, Colombia

    Iván F. Macías-Quiroga & Nancy R. Sanabria-Gonzalez

  2. Department of Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá, Colombia

    Alejandro Pérez-Flórez

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23 No. 60-63, Manizales, Colombia

    Juan S. Arcila

  4. Department of Physics and Chemistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 7 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales, Colombia

    Gloria I. Giraldo-Goméz

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  1. Iván F. Macías-Quiroga
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Correspondence to Nancy R. Sanabria-Gonzalez.

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Macías-Quiroga, I.F., Pérez-Flórez, A., Arcila, J.S. et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Co/Al-PILCs for the Oxidation of an Azo Dye Using the Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide System. Catal Lett 152, 1905–1916 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-021-03788-1

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