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Magnetically Separable Zinc Ferrite Nanocatalyst for an Effective Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

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Abstract

ZnFe2O4 nanocatalysts synthesized by microwave combustion method is employed for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO). The zinc ferrite samples are prepared by varying the microwave power from 500 to 1500 W. The nanocatalysts are characterized by XRD, FTIR, DRS, HR-SEM and VSM techniques. Transesterification of WCO are investigated and maximum biodiesel yield of 98.6% is achieved with 4 wt% of ZnFe2O4 nanocatalyst (ZF-1500 sample), methanol/oil molar ratio of 21:1, reaction temperature about 60 °C and reaction time 1 h. The nanocatalyst (ZnFe2O4) was reused at least for 10 times. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) is calculated to be 59.4 kJ mol−1 and 1.66 × 108 min−1 respectively. The thermodynamic parameters ∆H and ∆S were found to be 88.76 kJ mol−1 and − 0.096 kJ mol−1 K−1. The positive values of ∆G for transesterification process is found to be non-spontaneous and endergonic.

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Abbreviations

WCO:

Waste cooking oil

ZF-500:

Zinc ferrite using 500 W

ZF-600:

Zinc ferrite using 600 W

ZF-900:

Zinc ferrite using 900 W

ZF-1200:

Zinc ferrite using 1200 W

ZF-1500:

Zinc ferrite using 1500 W

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

FTIR:

Fourier transformed infrared

HRSEM:

High resolution scanning electron microscopy

DRS:

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

VSM:

Vibrating sample magnetometer

GCMS:

Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl ester

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Acknowledgements

All the authors sincerely thank VIT Chennai Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, for providing financial assistance through research associateship to the first author.

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  1. Materials Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Chennai Campus, Chennai, 600 127, India

    A. Ashok & L. John Kennedy

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  1. A. Ashok
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Correspondence to L. John Kennedy.

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Ashok, A., Kennedy, L.J. Magnetically Separable Zinc Ferrite Nanocatalyst for an Effective Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil. Catal Lett 149, 3525–3542 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02906-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-019-02906-4

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