Abstract
Several supported noble metal catalysts were screened for the hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone (GVL). Among these catalysts 5 % Ru/C showed the highest conversion of 95 % of methyl levulinate with 91 % selectivity to GVL. A detailed characterization was carried out using TPR, XRD, XPS and BET techniques. XPS studies revealed that higher extent of Ru0 species in case of carbon supported Ru was responsible for its higher hydrogenation activity as compared to Ru on other supports. Effect of process parameters such as temperature, H2 pressure, catalyst and substrate concentration and metal loading on methyl LA conversion and selectivity to GVL also has been studied. 5 % Ru/C catalyst was found to be stable up to five reuses.
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Abbreviations
- GVL:
-
γ-Valerolactone
- LA:
-
Levulinate or levulinic acid
- 4-Hyd-pentanoate:
-
4-Hydroxyl methyl pentanoate
- MeOH:
-
Methanol
- EtOH:
-
Ethanol
- ButOH:
-
Butanol
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Acknowledgments
One of the authors, AMH thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) New Delhi, for the award of a senior research fellowship.
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Hengne, A.M., Biradar, N.S. & Rode, C.V. Surface Species of Supported Ruthenium Catalysts in Selective Hydrogenation of Levulinic Esters for Bio-Refinery Application. Catal Lett 142, 779–787 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0822-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10562-012-0822-4