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In vitro analysis of the influence of mineralized and EDTA-demineralized allogenous bone on the viability and differentiation of osteoblasts and dental pulp stem cells

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Abstract

Grafting based on both autogenous and allogenous human bone is widely used to replace areas of critical loss to induce bone regeneration. Allogenous bones have the advantage of unlimited availability from tissue banks. However, their integration into the remaining bone is limited because they lack osteoinduction and osteogenic properties. Here, we propose to induce the demineralization of the allografts to improve these properties by exposing the organic components. Allografts fragments were demineralized in 10% EDTA at pH 7.2 solution. The influence of the EDTA-DAB and MAB fragments was evaluated with respect to the adhesion, growth and differentiation of MC3′T3-E1 osteoblasts, primary osteoblasts and dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Histomorphological analyses showed that EDTA-demineralized fragments (EDTA-DAB) maintained a bone architecture and porosity similar to those of the mineralized (MAB) samples. BMP4, osteopontin, and collagen III were also preserved. All the cell types adhered, grew and colonized both the MAB and EDTA-DAB biomaterials after 7, 14 and 21 days. However, the osteoblastic cell lines showed higher viability indexes when they were cultivated on the EDTA-DAB fragments, while the MAB fragments induced higher DPSC viability. The improved osteoinductive potential of the EDTA-DAB bone was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition analyses. This work provides guidance for the choice of the most appropriate allograft to be used in tissue bioengineering and for the transport of specific cell lineages to the surgical site.

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Acknowledgements

The present study was supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) and the Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da UFMG (PRPq/UFMG). Erika C Jorge received a scholarship from CNPq. The bovine bone fragments were gifts from Critéria (São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil).

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Author notes

  1. Bruno Machado Bertassoli Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medicine School of ABC, Santo André, Brazil

    Bruno Machado Bertassoli

  2. Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Gerluza Aparecida Borges Silva & Erika Cristina Jorge

  3. Laboratório de Biologia Oral E Do Desevolvimento, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil

    Juliano Douglas Albergaria

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  1. Bruno Machado Bertassoli
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Correspondence to Juliano Douglas Albergaria.

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Bertassoli, B.M., Silva, G.A.B., Albergaria, J.D. et al. In vitro analysis of the influence of mineralized and EDTA-demineralized allogenous bone on the viability and differentiation of osteoblasts and dental pulp stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 21, 479–493 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-020-09834-3

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