Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

“No One Acknowledged My Loss and Hurt”: Non-death Loss, Grief, and Trauma in Foster Care

  • Published:
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

How do youth in foster care experience non-death loss? Drawing upon the theories of ambiguous loss, symbolic loss, and disenfranchised grief, this applied theoretical article integrates research findings to address how youth experience loss, grief, and trauma in foster care. Youth’s reports illustrate experiences of non-death loss, the impact of non-death loss on psychological and emotional well-being, and how non-death losses are disenfranchised and enfranchised within the foster care system. Recommendations are made that child welfare agencies consider how their practices and policies can be enhanced to meet the needs of grieving youth in foster care.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahrens, K. R., Garrison, M. M., & Courtney, M. E. (2014). Health outcomes in young adults from foster care and economically diverse backgrounds. Pediatrics, 134(6), 1067–1074.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Blakey, J. M., Leathers, S. J., Lawler, M., Washington, T., Natschke, C., Strand, T., et al. (2012). A review of how states are addressing placement stability. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 369–378. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.11.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boss, P. (1999). Ambiguous loss. Learning to live with unresolved grief. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boss, P. (2006). Loss, trauma, and resilience: Therapeutic work with ambiguous loss. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doka, K. J. (Ed.), (1989). Disenfranchised grief: Recognizing hidden sorrow. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doka, K. J. (2002). Introduction. In Disenfranchised grief: New directions, challenges, and strategies (pp. 5–22). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Granting. (2016). In A Little Hope: The national foundation for grieving children. Retrieved December 20, 2016, from http://www.alittlehope.org/granting.

  • Grief Reach Grant Opportunities. (2016). In National Alliance for Grieving Children. Retrieved December 20, 2016, from https://childrengrieve.org/2016-grief-reach-grant-opportunities.

  • Herrick, M. A., & Piccus, W. (2005). Sibling connections: The importance of nurturing sibling bonds in the foster care system. Children and Youth Services Review, 27(7), 845–861. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.12.013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooyman, N. R., & Kramer, B. J. (2006). Living through loss: Interventions across the lifespan. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horner, T. M., & Gale, J. B. (2010). Children in foster care. In E. B. Benedek, P. Ash & C. L. Scott (Eds.), Principles and practice of child and adolescent forensic mental health (pp. 171–182). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. (2004). Grief in North America, a death-denying society. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 10, 435. doi:10.12968/ijpn.2004.10.9.16048.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kools, S. M. (1997). Adolescent identity development in foster care. Family Relations, 46, 263–271. doi:10.2307/585124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leathers, S. J. (2003). Parental visiting, conflicting allegiances, emotional and behavioral problems among foster children. Family Relations, 52(1), 53–63. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00053.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leathers, S. J. (2006). Placement disruption and negative placement outcomes among adolescents in long term foster care: The role of behavior problems. Child Abuse and Neglect, 30(3), 307–324. 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.09.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, R., & Whiting, J. (2007). Foster children’s expressions of ambiguous loss. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35(5), 417–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. B. (2016a). The neglected transition: Building a relational home for children entering foster care. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. B. (2016b). The family dance: Ambiguous loss, meaning-making, and the psychological family in foster care. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 8, 360–372. doi:10.1111/jftr.12151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. B., Jones, T., & Renema, S. (2015). Will I make it on my own? Voices and visions of 17-year-old youth in transition. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 32, 291–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. B., & Kuczynski, L. (2010). Does anyone know what is going on? Examining children’s lived experience of the transition into foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 437–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M. B. & Vann, L. H. (2016). Staying connected with youth in transition: “Thank you for not giving up on me”. Journal of Social Work, doi:10.1177/1468017316654342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rando, T. (1984). Grief, dying, and death: Clinical interventions for caregivers. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, J. J. (2002). Disenfranchised grief and the politics of helping: Social policy and its clinical implications. In K. J. Doka (Ed.), Disenfranchised grief: New directions, challenges, and strategies for practice (pp. 351–388). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roller White, C., O’Brien, K., Pecora, P. J., & Buher, A. (2015). Mental health and educational outcomes for youth transitioning from foster care in Michigan. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 96, 17–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schuurman, D. (2003). Never the same: Coming to terms with the death of a parent. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unrau, Y. A., Seita, J. R., & Putney, K. S. (2008). Former foster youth remember multiple placement moves: A journey of loss and hope. Children and Youth Services Review, 30, 1256–1266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Children’s Bureau. (2016). The AFCARS report No. 23: Preliminary FY 2015 estimates as of June 2016. Retrieved , from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport23.pdf.

  • Walsh, K. (2012). Grief and loss: Theories and skills for the helping professions (Rev.ed.). New York: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfelt, A. (1983). Helping children cope with grief. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

My sincere gratitude to the youth participants, the research team, the funding agencies, and the article reviewers.

Funding

The article is based on research funded by the South Carolina Department of Social Services and the John Templeton Foundation, through the Enhancing Life Project administered by the University of Chicago. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of the South Carolina Department of Social Services, the John Templeton Foundation, the Enhancing Life Project, or the University of Chicago.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Monique B. Mitchell.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mitchell, M.B. “No One Acknowledged My Loss and Hurt”: Non-death Loss, Grief, and Trauma in Foster Care. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 35, 1–9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-017-0502-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-017-0502-8

Keywords

Navigation