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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Cell Communications in Hypertension: Mechanism Insights and Therapeutic Potential of ncRNAs

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Abstract

Hypertension, a chronic and progressive disease, is an outstanding public health issue that affects nearly 40% of the adults worldwide. The increasing prevalence of hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite of the available treatment medications, an increasing number of hypertensive individuals continues to have uncontrolled blood pressure. In the vasculature, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and adventitial fibroblasts play a fundamental role in vascular homeostasis. The aberrant interactions between vascular cells might lead to hypertension and vascular remodeling. Identification of the precise mechanisms of vascular remodeling may be highly required to develop effective therapeutic approaches for hypertension. Recently, extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of proteins or noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) between vascular cells holds promise for the treatment of hypertension. Especially, extracellular vesicle-packaging ncRNAs have gained enormous attention of basic and clinical scientists because of their tremendous potential to act as novel clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets of hypertension. Here we will discuss the current findings focusing on the emerging roles of extracellular vesicle-carrying ncRNAs in the pathologies of hypertension and its associated vascular remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the potential of extracellular vesicles and ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for hypertension. The future research directions on the challenges and perspectives of extracellular vesicles and ncRNAs in hypertensive vascular remodeling are also proposed.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81700364), Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation (BK20170179, BK20191138), Jiangsu Province Department of Science and Technology (BE2020634), Key Young Medical Talent Project of Jiangsu Health Commission (QNRC2016158), Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M611688), and Project funded by Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation (1701062C).

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  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, People’s Republic of China

    Ji-Ru Zhang

  2. Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No.1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Hai-Jian Sun

  3. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore

    Hai-Jian Sun

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Zhang, JR., Sun, HJ. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Cell Communications in Hypertension: Mechanism Insights and Therapeutic Potential of ncRNAs. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 36, 157–172 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10557-020-07080-z

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