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Potential molecular targets for inhibiting bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of mechanisms

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Abstract

Bone invasion is a common characteristic of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with adverse affects on patient functionality and survival. Recent studies suggest that it is osteoclasts, rather than malignant keratinocytes themselves, which play the major role in facilitating the entry of the tumour into bone, and its progression within bone. Osteoclasts respond to a variety of local signalling pathways, initiated by products of the malignant epithelial cells. In the present review, we firstly introduce the clinical patterns of bone invasion, and then summarise these signalling pathways and their diverse roles in sequential phases of bone invasion. We also review current researches regarding the incidence and mechanisms of distant metastases to bone, and explain briefly the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which may generate cancer stem cells and initiate the bone invasion. Finally, we discuss more briefly approaches to the diagnosis and management of OSCC patients with bone invasion. With all these studies and some recent discoveries in our own laboratory, an enhanced understanding of bone invasion will be achieved, which should indicate potential molecular targets for future biotherapies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Professors Glenn Francis and Jane Dahlstrom for supplying tissue sections from oral cancer patients with bone invasion. This study was supported by funds from China Scholarship Council, Griffith University International Postgraduate Research Scholarship and Australian Dental Research Foundation.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare to have no conflict of interest.

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  1. School of Dentistry, Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4215, Australia

    Jingjing Quan & Jin Gao

  2. Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4215, Australia

    Newell W. Johnson

  3. State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Guangbiao Zhou

  4. Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, QLD, Australia

    Peter G. Parsons & Glen M. Boyle

  5. School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Jin Gao

Authors
  1. Jingjing Quan
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  2. Newell W. Johnson
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  3. Guangbiao Zhou
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  4. Peter G. Parsons
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  5. Glen M. Boyle
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  6. Jin Gao
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Correspondence to Jin Gao.

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Quan, J., Johnson, N.W., Zhou, G. et al. Potential molecular targets for inhibiting bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma: a review of mechanisms. Cancer Metastasis Rev 31, 209–219 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9335-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-011-9335-7

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