Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Utility of cardiac computed tomography scanning in the diagnosis and pre-operative evaluation of patients with infective endocarditis

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the gold standard imaging study used in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) has undergone rapid advancement as a cardiac imaging technique and has previously shown promise in small non-randomized studies for evaluation of IE. We hypothesized that cardiac CTA would perform similarly to TEE in the detection of endocarditic lesions and that there would be no difference in clinical outcomes whether the coronary arteries were evaluated by CTA or invasive coronary angiography (ICA). 255 adults who underwent surgery for IE at the Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 1, 2006 and June 1, 2014 were identified retrospectively. 251 patients underwent TEE and 34 patients underwent cardiac CTA. TEE had statistically higher detection of vegetations (95.6 vs. 70.0%, p < 0.0001) and leaflet perforations (81.3 vs. 42.9%, p = 0.02) as compared to cardiac CTA. For detection of abscess/pseudoaneurysm TEE had a similar sensitivity to cardiac CTA (90.5 vs. 78.4%, p = 0.21). There was no significant difference in peri-operative outcomes whether coronary arteries were evaluated by CTA or ICA. The greatest advantage of cardiac CT in the setting of IE is its ability to couple the detection of complex cardiac anatomic abnormalities with coronary artery delineation, serving two important components of the diagnostic evaluation, particularly among patients who will require surgical intervention due to IE complications. Cardiac CTA may be considered as an alternate coronary artery imaging modality in IE patients with low to intermediate risk of disease but meet guideline recommendations for coronary artery imaging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Tleyjeh IM, Rybak MJ, Barsic B, Lockhart PB, Gewitz MH, Levison ME, Bolger AF, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Fink AM, O’Gara P, Taubert KA (2015) Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 132(15):1435–1486. https://doi.org/10.1161/cir.0000000000000296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Bolger AF, Levison ME, Ferrieri P, Gerber MA, Tani LY, Gewitz MH, Tong DC, Steckelberg JM, Baltimore RS, Shulman ST, Burns JC, Falace DA, Newburger JW, Pallasch TJ, Takahashi M, Taubert KA (2005) Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Circulation 111(23):e394-434. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.105.165564

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta JP, Del Zotti F, Dulgheru R, El Khoury G, Erba PA, Iung B, Miro JM, Mulder BJ, Plonska-Gosciniak E, Price S, Roos-Hesselink J, Snygg-Martin U, Thuny F, Tornos Mas P, Vilacosta I, Zamorano JL, Erol C, Nihoyannopoulos P, Aboyans V, Agewall S, Athanassopoulos G, Aytekin S, Benzer W, Bueno H, Broekhuizen L, Carerj S, Cosyns B, De Backer J, De Bonis M, Dimopoulos K, Donal E, Drexel H, Flachskampf FA, Hall R, Halvorsen S, Hoen B, Kirchhof P, Lainscak M, Leite-Moreira AF, Lip GY, Mestres CA, Piepoli MF, Punjabi PP, Rapezzi C, Rosenhek R, Siebens K, Tamargo J, Walker DM (2015) 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J 36(44):3075–3128. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv319

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Entrikin DW, Gupta P, Kon ND, Carr JJ (2012) Imaging of infective endocarditis with cardiac CT angiography. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 6(6):399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcct.2012.10.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Sun Z, Ng KH (2010) Multislice CT angiography in cardiac imaging. Part II: clinical applications in coronary artery disease. Singap Med J 51(4):282–289

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M Jr, Detrano R (1990) Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 15(4):827–832

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Prendergast BD, Tornos P (2010) Surgery for infective endocarditis: who and when? Circulation 121(9):1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.773598

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Byrne JG, Rezai K, Sanchez JA, Bernstein RA, Okum E, Leacche M, Balaguer JM, Prabhakaran S, Bridges CR, Higgins RS (2011) Surgical management of endocarditis: the society of thoracic surgeons clinical practice guideline. Ann Thorac Surg 91(6):2012–2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.01.106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Bashore TM, Balter S, Barac A, Byrne JG, Cavendish JJ, Chambers CE, Hermiller JB Jr, Kinlay S, Landzberg JS, Laskey WK, McKay CR, Miller JM, Moliterno DJ, Moore JW, Oliver-McNeil SM, Popma JJ, Tommaso CL (2012) 2012 American College of Cardiology Foundation/Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions expert consensus document on cardiac catheterization laboratory standards update: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus documents developed in collaboration with the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and Society for Vascular Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(24):2221–2305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.010

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Shamsham F, Safi AM, Pomerenko I, Salciccioli L, Feit A, Clark LT, Alam M (2000) Fatal left main coronary artery embolism from aortic valve endocarditis following cardiac catheterization. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 50(1):74–77

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Budoff MJ, Dowe D, Jollis JG, Gitter M, Sutherland J, Halamert E, Scherer M, Bellinger R, Martin A, Benton R, Delago A, Min JK (2008) Diagnostic performance of 64-multidetector row coronary computed tomographic angiography for evaluation of coronary artery stenosis in individuals without known coronary artery disease: results from the prospective multicenter ACCURACY (Assessment by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography of Individuals Undergoing Invasive Coronary Angiography) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(21):1724–1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.031

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Abdulla J, Abildstrom SZ, Gotzsche O, Christensen E, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C (2007) 64-multislice detector computed tomography coronary angiography as potential alternative to conventional coronary angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 28(24):3042–3050. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm466

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Hamon M, Biondi-Zoccai GG, Malagutti P, Agostoni P, Morello R, Valgimigli M (2006) Diagnostic performance of multislice spiral computed tomography of coronary arteries as compared with conventional invasive coronary angiography: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 48(9):1896–1910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.028

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Miller JM, Rochitte CE, Dewey M, Arbab-Zadeh A, Niinuma H, Gottlieb I, Paul N, Clouse ME, Shapiro EP, Hoe J, Lardo AC, Bush DE, de Roos A, Cox C, Brinker J, Lima JA (2008) Diagnostic performance of coronary angiography by 64-row CT. N Engl J Med 359(22):2324–2336. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0806576

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Nieman K, Cademartiri F, Lemos PA, Raaijmakers R, Pattynama PM, de Feyter PJ (2002) Reliable noninvasive coronary angiography with fast submillimeter multislice spiral computed tomography. Circulation 106(16):2051–2054

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sun Z, Almutairi AM (2010) Diagnostic accuracy of 64 multislice CT angiography in the assessment of coronary in-stent restenosis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 73(2):266–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.10.025

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Sun Z, Lin C, Davidson R, Dong C, Liao Y (2008) Diagnostic value of 64-slice CT angiography in coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Eur J Radiol 67(1):78–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.07.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Habets J, Tanis W, van Herwerden LA, van den Brink RB, Mali WP, de Mol BA, Chamuleau SA, Budde RP (2014) Cardiac computed tomography angiography results in diagnostic and therapeutic change in prosthetic heart valve endocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 30(2):377–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-013-0335-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Arbab-Zadeh A, Miller JM, Rochitte CE, Dewey M, Niinuma H, Gottlieb I, Paul N, Clouse ME, Shapiro EP, Hoe J, Lardo AC, Bush DE, de Roos A, Cox C, Brinker J, Lima JA (2012) Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography coronary angiography according to pre-test probability of coronary artery disease and severity of coronary arterial calcification. The CORE-64 (Coronary Artery Evaluation Using 64-Row Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography) International Multicenter Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(4):379–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.079

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Sara L, Rochitte CE, Lemos PA, Niinuma H, Dewey M, Shapiro EP, Gottlieb I, Mansur AP, Nicolau JC, Lardo AC, Azevedo CF, Kalil-Filho R, Vavere AL, Cohn S, Cox C, Brinker J, Miller JM, Lima JA (2014) Accuracy of multidetector computed tomography for detection of coronary artery stenosis in acute coronary syndrome compared with stable coronary disease: a CORE64 multicenter trial substudy. Int J Cardiol 177(2):385–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.130

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Meijboom WB, Meijs MF, Schuijf JD, Cramer MJ, Mollet NR, van Mieghem CA, Nieman K, van Werkhoven JM, Pundziute G, Weustink AC, de Vos AM, Pugliese F, Rensing B, Jukema JW, Bax JJ, Prokop M, Doevendans PA, Hunink MG, Krestin GP, de Feyter PJ (2008) Diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography: a prospective, multicenter, multivendor study. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(25):2135–2144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.08.058

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Malagutti P, Nieman K, Meijboom WB, van Mieghem CA, Pugliese F, Cademartiri F, Mollet NR, Boersma E, de Jaegere PP, de Feyter PJ (2007) Use of 64-slice CT in symptomatic patients after coronary bypass surgery: evaluation of grafts and coronary arteries. Eur Heart J 28(15):1879–1885. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl155

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Cademartiri F, Maffei E, Palumbo A, Seitun S, Martini C, Tedeschi C, La Grutta L, Midiri M, Weustink AC, Mollet NR, Krestin GP (2010) Coronary calcium score and computed tomography coronary angiography in high-risk asymptomatic subjects: assessment of diagnostic accuracy and prevalence of non-obstructive coronary artery disease. Eur Radiol 20(4):846–854. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-009-1612-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Catalan P, Callejo D, Blasco JA (2013) Cost-effectiveness analysis of 64-slice computed tomography vs. cardiac catheterization to rule out coronary artery disease before non-coronary cardiovascular surgery. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 14(2):149–157. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jes121

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Feuchtner GM, Stolzmann P, Dichtl W, Schertler T, Bonatti J, Scheffel H, Mueller S, Plass A, Mueller L, Bartel T, Wolf F, Alkadhi H (2009) Multislice computed tomography in infective endocarditis: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography and intraoperative findings. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(5):436–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.077

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP 3rd, Guyton RA, O’Gara PT, Ruiz CE, Skubas NJ, Sorajja P, Sundt TM, 3rd, Thomas JD (2014) 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 63 (22):e57-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.02.536

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Bettencourt N, Rocha J, Carvalho M, Leite D, Toschke AM, Melica B, Santos L, Rodrigues A, Goncalves M, Braga P, Teixeira M, Simoes L, Rajagopalan S, Gama V (2009) Multislice computed tomography in the exclusion of coronary artery disease in patients with presurgical valve disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2(4):306–313. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.108.827717

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jakamy R, Barthelemy O, Le Feuvre C, Berman E, Boutekadjirt R, Cluzel P, Metzger JP, Helft G (2012) Accuracy of multislice computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of coronary disease in patients scheduled for heart valve surgery. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 105(8–9):424–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2012.05.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ciolina F, Sedati P, Zaccagna F, Galea N, Noce V, Miraldi F, Cavarretta E, Francone M, Carbone I (2015) Aortic valve stenosis: non-invasive preoperative evaluation using 64-slice CT angiography. J Cardiovasc Surg 56(5):799–808

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Jason R. Sims

  2. Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Nandan S. Anavekar, Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Bernard J. Gersh & Larry M. Baddour

  3. Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Nandan S. Anavekar & Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran

  4. Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    James M. Steckelberg, Walter R. Wilson, Larry M. Baddour & Daniel C. DeSimone

  5. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Walter R. Wilson

Authors
  1. Jason R. Sims
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nandan S. Anavekar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. James M. Steckelberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Walter R. Wilson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bernard J. Gersh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Larry M. Baddour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Daniel C. DeSimone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jason R. Sims.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10554_2018_1318_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 1 (TIF 1112 KB). Timeline of major advances in infective endocarditis with the corresponding study and sample size. IE infective endocarditis, TTE transthoracic echocardiography, TEE transesophageal echocardiography, CT computed tomography, PET positron emission tomography

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sims, J.R., Anavekar, N.S., Chandrasekaran, K. et al. Utility of cardiac computed tomography scanning in the diagnosis and pre-operative evaluation of patients with infective endocarditis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 34, 1155–1163 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1318-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-018-1318-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation