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Ventricular pacing site separation by cardiac computed tomography: validation for the prediction of clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy

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An Erratum to this article was published on 03 May 2017

This article has been updated

Abstract

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) fails to provide benefit in up to one-third of patients. Maximizing the geographic separation of right and left ventricular pacing lead sites has been suggested as one way to improve response. Cardiac CT provides an opportunity to explore 3-dimensional inter-lead distance (ILD) measures for the prediction of CRT response. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between standardized measures of ILD by cardiac CT and echocardiographic response to CRT. Forty-two consecutive patients undergoing CRT had serial clinical and echocardiographic evaluations performed in addition to a post-procedural cardiac-gated CT with blinded measurement of direct and circumferential (via the myocardium) ILD measures. Clinical response to CRT, the primary clinical outcome, was defined as a ≥15% reduction in LVESV using echocardiography at 6-months. The mean age and ejection fraction was 63.6 ± 8.9 years and 25.2 ± 7.8%, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 35 of 42 patients (83%). Both direct and circumferential CT-based ILD measures were associated with the primary outcome by univariate analysis. Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis identified Circumferential ILD to have the strongest predictive accuracy (AUC 0.78). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of CT-derived ILD measures was excellent. Circumferential ILD measures on cardiac CT are predictive of clinical response to CRT. Incorporation of these measures into the selection of optimal pacing targets, particularly from pre-procedural CT coronary vein imaging may be of therapeutic benefit and warrants further investigation.

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Change history

  • 03 May 2017

    An erratum to this article has been published.

Abbreviations

CT:

Computed tomography

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

CRT:

Cardiac resynchronization therapy

LBBB:

Left bundle branch block

LV:

Left ventricular

LVEF:

Left ventricular ejection fraction

NYHA:

New York Heart Association

GFR:

Glomerular filtration rate

ICM:

Ischaemic cardiomyopathy

DCM:

Dilated cardiomyopathy

QOL:

Quality of life

MLWHF:

Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire

LVEDV:

Left ventricular end-diastolic volume

LVESV:

Left ventricular end-systolic volume

ICD:

Implantable cardiac defibrillator

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Acknowledgements

All authors have read and agree to the manuscript as written. JAW, PG, LP and MD have had full access to the study data and take responsibility for its integrity. Dr. White is supported by a Early Investigator award with the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Alberta, Canada. Dr. Drangova is supported by a Career Investigator award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. Dr. Krahn is a Career Investigator of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario. This research was supported in part by Heart and Stroke Foundation Grant # NA6488 (PI: JAW), the Canada Foundation of Innovation Leaders Opportunity Fund, the Ontario Research Fund, Imaging in Cardiovascular Therapeutics grant and the Program for Experimental Medicine (POEM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Canada

    S. Modi, Raymond Yee, Jorge A. Wong, Lorne J. Gula, Allan C. Skanes, Peter Leong-Sit & David McCarty

  2. Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada

    David Scholl, John Stirrat & Maria Drangova

  3. Stephenson Cardiac Imaging Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Carmen Lydell, Vamshi Kotha & James A. White

  4. Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Carmen Lydell, Vamshi Kotha & James A. White

Authors
  1. S. Modi
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  2. Raymond Yee
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  3. David Scholl
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  4. John Stirrat
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  5. Jorge A. Wong
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  6. Carmen Lydell
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  7. Vamshi Kotha
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  8. Lorne J. Gula
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  9. Allan C. Skanes
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  10. Peter Leong-Sit
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  11. David McCarty
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  12. Maria Drangova
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  13. James A. White
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to James A. White.

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Conflicts of interest

Drs. Modi, Yee, Scholl, Stirrat, Wong, Lydell, Kotha, Gula, Skanes, Leong-Sit, and McCarty have no conflicts of interest or financial disclosures. James A White is a Early Investigator and Maria Drangova is a Career Scientist with the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Canada. Dr. White receives grant research support from Circle Cardiovascular Inc. Canada, has received consultative fees from Medtronic, Inc., and is shareholder in Cohesic Inc.

Additional information

An erratum to this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1144-9.

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Modi, S., Yee, R., Scholl, D. et al. Ventricular pacing site separation by cardiac computed tomography: validation for the prediction of clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 33, 1433–1442 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1120-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-017-1120-4

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