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Regression equations of Z score and echocardiographic nomograms for coronary sinus in healthy children

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Abstract

As the number of implanted biventricular pacemakers increases, the coronary sinus (CS) has evoked much interest amongst cardiologists. A dilated CS could prompt the existence of many diseases. The normal CS diameter is uncertain, especially in children. A total of 446 Chinese healthy children were prospectively enrolled in this study. The superior and inferior diameter of the CS was measured from the CS ostium 1 cm from the end of ventricular systole in the modified apical 4-chamber view. Seven models were tested to determine the relationships between parameters of body size and CS diameter. Heteroscedasticity was tested by the White and Breusch–Pagan tests. A multiple linear regression model should be gender as a covariate along with BSAStevenson, in order to evaluate the influence of gender on the measurements. The formula of Stevenson was best-fit. The predicted values and Z-score boundaries for measurement of the CS diameter were calculated. Bland–Altman plot regression showed that the 95 % limits of agreement for inter- and intra-observer measurements were not significantly different. We report new, reliable echocardiographic Z scores for the CS diameter derived from a large population of healthy Chinese children. The Z scores can be used in echocardiographic examinations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

    Guang Song, Wei Qiao, Yixin Chen, Lu Sun, Weidong Ren, Fangfang Li & Miao Fan

  2. Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China

    Jing Liu

Authors
  1. Guang Song
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  2. Jing Liu
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  3. Wei Qiao
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  4. Yixin Chen
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  5. Lu Sun
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  6. Weidong Ren
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  7. Fangfang Li
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  8. Miao Fan
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Correspondence to Weidong Ren.

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Song, G., Liu, J., Qiao, W. et al. Regression equations of Z score and echocardiographic nomograms for coronary sinus in healthy children. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 32, 1687–1695 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-016-0960-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-016-0960-7

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