Three-dimensional assessment of left atrial appendage orifice geometry and potential implications for device closure

Abstract

Transcatheter placement of left atrial closure device is an attractive therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), to avoid anticoagulation and reduce cerebrovascular events; however peri-device leaks occur. The geometry of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is not well understood, largely owing to limitations of 2-dimensional imaging techniques. We sought to better define the LAA orifice geometry, by performing 3-dimensional multi-detector computed tomography measurements. We prospectively recruited 105 consecutive patients referred for pulmonary vein ablation (PVA) and age-matched controls. Area, short and long-axis measurements were performed. Eccentricity was calculated as 1-(short axis/long axis). Multiple clinical variables were tested for their ability to predict appendage orifice eccentricity using univariate linear regression models. The PVA cohort demographics included; 25 (24 %) females, mean age 59 years (SD = 10), median height (1.55–2.03), weight 89 (56–139) kg and body surface area 2.1 (1.61–2.58). In the PVA cohort, there was a significant difference between the long and short-axis; median short-axis dimension was 20.5 (12.9–35.4) mm, versus long-axis median 30.4 (17.7–43.8) (p < 0.001). Mean eccentricity score was 0.4. When compared with controls, there was a significant difference in the short and long-axis measurements (p < 0.001) as well as eccentricity (p = 0.04). All clinical variables tested showed limited ability to predict appendage eccentricity (p = NS). LAA ostium is an elliptical structure in the setting of AF with a high eccentricity index and uniformly significant differences between short and long-axis. There were significant differences between these parameters when compared with controls. A deeper appreciation of LAA geometry and eccentricity may allow for reduction in peri-closure leaks.