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The absence of coronary artery calcification does not rule out the presence of significant coronary artery disease in Asian patients with acute chest pain

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Abstract

The absence of coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been used to as an indication to rule out significant coronary artery disease (CAD). However, diagnostic usefulness of ‘zero calcium score criteria’ as a decision-making strategy to rule out significant CAD as the etiology of acute chest pain has not been studied in depth, especially in Asian ethnicity. We prospectively enrolled 136 Korean patients (58% men, 56 ± 13 years) who presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute chest pain and non-diagnostic ECG. All patients underwent 64-slice CT for calcium scoring and coronary CT angiography (cCTA). We investigated the association of CAC with the presence of ≥50% CAD on cCTA and with a final diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Ninety-two patients out of 136 (68%) did not show detectable CAC, and 14 out of these 92 without CAC (15%) had ≥50% CAD on cCTA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of zero calcium score criteria for the detection of ≥50% CAD were 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.50–0.80), 0.83 (0.74–0.90), 0.64 (0.48–0.77), 0.85 (0.75–0.91), respectively. Patients who had ≥50% CAD without detectable CAC were younger (P = 0.001), and had a higher prevalence of smoking (P = 0.048) as compared to patients with a degree of CAC. Most of the patients with ≥50% CAD of non-calcified plaque were younger than 60 years of age (79%, 11/14), however, 3 of them were older than 60 years of age. Forty-five patients (33%) were subsequently diagnosed as having ACS, and 38% (17/45) of them had no CAC. Zero calcium score did not necessarily guarantee the absence of significant CAD, even in patients older than 60 years, in Asian ethnicity presenting to the ED with chest pain.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for statistical assistance from the Medical Research Collaborating Center of Seoul National University Hospital.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongam-si, Republic of Korea

    Yeonyee E. Yoon, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Youn, Woo-Young Chung, In-Ho Chae & Dong-Joo Choi

  2. Division of Radiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongam-si, Republic of Korea

    Sang-II Choi & Eun-Ju Chun

  3. Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Respublic of Korea

    Sung-A Chang

  4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea

    Hyuk-Jae Chang

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  1. Yeonyee E. Yoon
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Correspondence to Hyuk-Jae Chang.

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Yoon, Y.E., Chang, SA., Choi, SI. et al. The absence of coronary artery calcification does not rule out the presence of significant coronary artery disease in Asian patients with acute chest pain. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 28, 389–398 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-011-9819-0

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