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The association of cancer-preventive lifestyle with colonoscopy screening use in border Hispanic adults along the Texas-Mexico border

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Abstract

Purpose

The relationship between engaging in two domains of cancer-preventive behaviors, lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening, is unknown in Hispanic adults. Accordingly, the study examined the association between lifestyle and colonoscopy screening in Hispanic adults along the Texas–Mexico border, where there is suboptimal colorectal cancer prevention.

Methods

Lifestyle behavior adherence and compliance with colonoscopy screening schedules were assessed using 2013–2023 data from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohorta population-based sample of Hispanic adults living along the Texas–Mexico border. The 2018 World Cancer Research Fund scoring system characterized healthy lifestyle engagement. Multivariable logistic regression quantified the association between lifestyle behaviors and colonoscopy screening.

Results

Among 914 Hispanic adults, there was a mean adherence score of 2.5 out of 7 for recommended behaviors. Only 33.0% (95% CI 25.64–41.39%) were up-to-date with colonoscopy. Complete adherence to fruit and vegetable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio] 5.2, 95% CI 1.68–16.30; p = 0.004), fiber (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.06–4.37; p = 0.04), and ultra-processed foods (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.30–6.21; p = 0.01) consumption recommendations were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy screening. Having insurance versus being uninsured (AOR 10.8, 95% CI 3.83–30.62; p < 0.001) and having local medical care versus in Mexico (AOR 7.0, 95% CI 2.26–21.43; p < 0.001) were associated with up-to-date colonoscopy.

Conclusions

Adherence to dietary lifestyle recommendations was associated with being up-to-date with colonoscopy screenings. Those with poor dietary behavior are at risk for low-colonoscopy use. Improving lifestyle behaviors may complement colonoscopy promotion interventions. Healthcare accessibility influences up-to-date colonoscopy prevalence. Our findings can inform cancer prevention strategies for the Hispanic population.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available upon reasonable request and approval from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort Team. Permission requests for the data can be obtained from the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was supported by PGY’s receipt of postdoctoral research funding from the UTHealth School of Public Health-NCI Cancer Control Research Training Program (National Cancer Institute/ T32CA057712).

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PGY contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation was conducted by PGY and BMR. Data collection and analysis were performed by PGY and ACC. The first draft of the manuscript was written by PGY and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Paul Gerardo Yeh.

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The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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This is an observational study of data collected from an ongoing parental cohort study. The parent study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Texas Health HSC-SPH-03-007-B.

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Yeh, P.G., Choh, A.C., Fisher-Hoch, S.P. et al. The association of cancer-preventive lifestyle with colonoscopy screening use in border Hispanic adults along the Texas-Mexico border. Cancer Causes Control (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-024-01885-1

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