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Daytime napping and the risk of gastric cancer: the JACC Study

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Abstract

Background

Gastric cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Japan and worldwide. Emerging literature has suggested unfavorable health outcomes associated with daytime napping. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between daytime napping and the risk of gastric cancer among Japanese people.

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 49,037 participants, aged 40–79 years, from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). Participants with positive cancer history and those who reported night or rotational shift work were excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident gastric cancer among daytime nappers.

Results

Within 650,040 person-years (median = 13.7 years) of follow-up, 1,164 participants developed gastric cancer. Daytime napping was associated with the increased risk of gastric cancer in the multivariable-adjusted model: HR (95% CI) = 1.14 (1.01, 1.29). The excess risk did not significantly differ across sexes, age groups (<65 and ≥65 years), and employment status (employed and unemployed) (p-interactions > 0.40). However, sleep duration modified this effect: HRs (95% CIs) = 1.66 (1.23, 2.23) in sleep duration ≤6 h/night versus 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) in sleep duration >6 h/night (p-interaction = 0.006).

Conclusion

Daytime napping was associated with increased gastric cancer risk, especially among those who reported short sleep duration.

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Data and materials availability

Not available for ethical reasons.

Abbreviations

CI:

Confidence interval

HR:

Hazard ratio

JACC Study:

Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

RR:

Relative risk

OR:

Odds ratio

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Acknowledgments

None to declare.

Funding

This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) (Monbusho); Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of Cancer; and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas of Cancer Epidemiology from MEXT (MonbuKagaku-sho) (Nos. 61010076, 62010074, 63010074, 1010068, 2151065, 3151064, 4151063, 5151069, 6279102, 11181101, 17015022, 18014011, 20014026, 20390156, and 26293138), Comprehensive Research on Cardiovascular and Life-Style Related Diseases (H26-Junkankitou [Seisaku]-Ippan-001and H29-Junkankitou [Seishuu]-Ippan-003), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 16H06277, and Grants-in-Aid for China Scholarship Council (CSC file No. 201608050-113).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Fangyu Yan and Ahmed Arafa have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

    Fangyu Yan, Ahmed Arafa, Kokoro Shirai & Hiroyasu Iso

  2. Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan

    Fangyu Yan

  3. Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan

    Ahmed Arafa

  4. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Ahmed Arafa

  5. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

    Ehab S. Eshak

  6. Advanced Clinical Epidemiology, Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

    Ehab S. Eshak

  7. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

    Akiko Tamakoshi

  8. Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan

    Hiroyasu Iso

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Consortia

the JACC Study Group

Contributions

FY and AA (conceptualization, review literature, draft writing, and data analysis), ESE, KS, and HI (supervision), ESE, KS, IM, HI, and AT (visualization, critical revision, and editing), and HI and AT (resources and funding acquisition).

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Fangyu Yan or Hiroyasu Iso.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

None to declare.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

The research ethics committees of Nagoya University School of Medicine and Osaka University approved the protocol of the JACC study. Written informed consent was obtained from participants and community leaders.

Consent for publication

We obtained consent from participants and community leaders to publish the findings while keeping their details anonymous and all authors accepted the final version of the manuscript.

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Yan, F., Arafa, A., Eshak, E.S. et al. Daytime napping and the risk of gastric cancer: the JACC Study. Cancer Causes Control (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-024-01858-4

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