Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The burden of acute lymphoid leukemia among adolescents and young adults in the Western Pacific Region: evidence from Global Burden Disease 2019

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Cancer Causes & Control Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells. Here, we use data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, to estimate the burden and incidence rate changes in adolescents and young adults (AYA) ALL in the Western Pacific Region and to reveal potential risk factors of incidence- and mortality rates.

Methods

The GBD 2019 study data was stratified by sex, age, country, and territory. We calculated the Estimated annual percentage changes (estimated APC) in mortality and incidence rates for each of the 25 countries and territories of the western Pacific region from 1990 to 2019.

Results

This study found global AYA ALL incidence rates had increased while the mortality rates had decreased between 1990 and 2019. Moreover, healthcare access and quality (HAQ), and government per capita health spending were identified as country-level risk factors of AYA ALL incidence rates, while HAQ, male education, and sex were identified as mortality rate predictors in 25 Western Pacific Region countries.

Conclusion

To address and reduce the burden of incidence and mortality among AYA, various regions around the world, particularly developing countries, could revise their AYA prevention and treatment strategies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The dataset used in the current study was obtained from the GBD 2019 study, which is publicly available at the website of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation online (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool).

References

  1. Belson M, Kingsley B, Holmes A (2007) Risk factors for acute leukemia in children: A review. Environ Health Perspect 115:138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Pui CH, Yang JJ, Bhakta N, Rodriguez-Galindo C (2018) Global efforts toward the cure of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2:440

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Inaba H, Greaves M, Mullighan CG (2013) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The Lancet 381:1943–1955. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62187-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Wolfson JA, Richman JS, Sun CL et al (2018) Causes of inferior outcome in adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Across oncology services and regardless of clinical trial enrollment. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Arnett, J.J., & Tanner, J.L. (2006) Emerging adults in America: coming of age in the 21st century. Choice Reviews Online. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-6856

  6. Tetzner J, Becker M, Maaz K (2017) Development in multiple areas of life in adolescence. Interrelations between academic achievement, perceived peer acceptance, and self-esteem. Int J Behav Dev 41:704

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Alvarez EM, Force LM, Xu R et al (2022) The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Abboud MR, Ghanem K, Muwakkit S (2014) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in low and middleincome countries: Disease characteristics and treatment results. Curr Opin Oncol 26:650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Abdelmabood S, Fouda AE, Boujettif F, Mansour A (2020) Treatment outcomes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a middle-income developing country: high mortalities, early relapses, and poor survival. J Pediatr (Rio J). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.07.013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ni X, Li Z, Li X et al (2022) Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and access to health services among children and adolescents in China: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet 400:1020–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01541-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Coste A, Hémon D, Orsi L et al (2017) Residential exposure to ultraviolet light and risk of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: assessing the role of individual risk factors, the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies. Cancer Causes Control. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-017-0936-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Qian M, Zhao X, Devidas M et al (2019) Genome-wide association study of susceptibility loci for t-cell acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children. J Natl Cancer Inst. https://doi.org/10.1093/JNCI/DJZ043

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown AL, de Smith AJ, Gant VU et al (2019) Inherited genetic susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in down syndrome. Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2018890764

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Lim JYS, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Yang JJ (2014) Genomics of racial and ethnic disparities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 120:955

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Lu C, Schneider MT, Gubbins P et al (2010) Public financing of health in developing countries: a cross-national systematic analysis. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60233-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M et al (2020) Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zou Z, Cini K, Dong B et al (2020) Time trends in cardiovascular disease mortality across the BRICS. Circulation 141:790–799. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042864

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH, et al (2018) Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7)). The Lancet 392

  19. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network (2020) Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) 1950–2019. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

  20. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network (2018) Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016) Healthcare Access and Quality Index Based on Amenable Mortality 1990–2016. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

  21. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2020) Global Educational Attainment Distributions 1970- 2030. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

  22. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network (2022) Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Human Resources for Health 1990–2019. In: Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

  23. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network (2021) Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Air Pollution Exposure Estimates 1990–2019. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

  24. Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network (2021) Global Health Spending 1995–2018. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)

  25. R Core Team (2023) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing_. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. In: <https://www.R-project.org/>

  26. Ren Z, Hu C, He H et al (2020) Global and regional burdens of oral cancer from 1990 to 2017: Results from the global burden of disease study. Cancer Commun 40:81–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Pui C-H, Evans WE (2013) A 50-year journey to cure childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Semin Hematol 50:185–196. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.007

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Dong Y, Shi O, Zeng Q et al (2020) Leukemia incidence trends at the global, regional, and national level between 1990 and 2017. Exp Hematol Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40164-020-00170-6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Yeoh AEJ, Tan D, Li C-K et al (2013) Management of adult and paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asia: resource-stratified guidelines from the Asian Oncology Summit 2013. Lancet Oncol 14:e508–e523. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70452-2

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Magrath I, Epelman S (2013) Cancer in adolescents and young adults in countries with limited resources. Curr Oncol Rep. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-013-0327-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Li CK, Dalvi R, Yonemori K et al (2019) Care of adolescents and young adults with cancer in Asia: Results of an ESMO/SIOPE/SIOP Asia survey. ESMO Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000467

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Muffly L, Alvarez E, Lichtensztajn D et al (2018) Patterns of care and outcomes in adolescent and young adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A population-based study. Blood Adv. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2017014944

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Stock W, La M, Sanford B et al (2008) What determines the outcomes for adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated on cooperative group protocols? A comparison of Children’s Cancer Group and Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies. Blood. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-01-130237

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Bailony MR, Hararah MK, Salhab AR et al (2011) Cancer registration and healthcare access in West Bank, Palestine: A GIS analysis of childhood cancer, 1998–2007. Int J Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.25732

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Gaffney A, White A, Hawks L et al (2020) High-deductible health plans and healthcare access, use, and financial strain in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201905-400OC

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lim JZM, Ng NSL, Thomas C (2017) Prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J R Soc Med 110:104

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Rytting ME, Jabbour EJ, O’Brien SM, Kantarjian HM (2017) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescents and young adults. Cancer 123:2398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Johnston DW, Lordan G, Shields MA, Suziedelyte A (2015) Education and health knowledge: Evidence from UK compulsory schooling reform. Soc Sci Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.026

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Yi M, Zhou L, Li A et al (2020) Global burden and trend of acute lymphoblastic leukemia from 1990 to 2017. Aging. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103982

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Klemetsdal B, Flægstad T, Aarbakke J (1995) Is there a gender difference in red blood cell thiopurine methyltransferase activity in healthy children? Med Pediatr Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpo.2950250605

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Molassiotis A, Kwok SWH, Leung AYM, Tyrovolas S (2022) Associations between sociodemographic factors, health spending, disease burden, and life expectancy of older adults (70 + years old) in 22 countries in the Western Pacific Region, 1995–2019: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Geroscience. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-021-00494-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation [Grant Number: 22JYA002].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, No.38 Xue Yuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 100191

    Fan Yang & Jing Guo

  2. Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Bo Zhang

  3. Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands

    Paul Lodder

Authors
  1. Fan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bo Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul Lodder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jing Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Fan Yang: data curation, formal analysis, methodology, software, visualization, writing—original draft. Bo Zhang: writing—review and editing. Paul Lodder: writing—review and editing. Jing Guo: conceptualization, funding acquisition, supervision, validation, writing—review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jing Guo.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Ethical approval

A waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board for this open and aggregated data.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 87 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yang, F., Zhang, B., Lodder, P. et al. The burden of acute lymphoid leukemia among adolescents and young adults in the Western Pacific Region: evidence from Global Burden Disease 2019. Cancer Causes Control 35, 839–848 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-023-01843-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-023-01843-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation