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Increasing prevalence of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a managed care population in the United States

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Abstract

Purpose

Numerous treatment breakthroughs for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have been demonstrated in clinical trials in the past 15 years. However, real-world evidence on the changing epidemiology and longevity of this population has not been demonstrated. This study assessed prevalence trends for mCRPC over eight years in a large managed care population.

Methods

In a claims database, adult male patients were included with ≥ 1 claim for prostate cancer, pharmacologic/surgical castration, and metastatic disease during the identification period. The index mCRPC date was the first metastatic claim; six months of continuous enrollment before and after was required. Patients with metastatic disease at baseline were excluded. Patients were followed until death, end of study, or disenrollment, whichever was earliest. Total, mCRPC per-prostate cancer, and age-specific prevalence rates were calculated cross-sectionally for each year under study (2010–2017).

Results

Of 343,089 patients identified with a claim for prostate cancer, 3690 mCRPC cases (1.1%) were identified. Incidence (new cases per year) remained relatively constant over the study period while prevalence of mCRPC (total cases per year) increased. mCRPC prevalence increased with increasing age. Total and mCRPC per-prostate cancer prevalence rates increased in monotonic, year-over-year trends from 2010 to 2017, while incidence (new cases per year) of mCRPC remained relatively stable.

Conclusion

This study found increasing prevalence of mCRPC in an insured patient population during the 8-year period, coupled with stable incidence, validating that patients with the disease are living longer. With the addition of androgen receptor–directed therapies and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in recent years, this trend will likely continue.

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Data availability

This study utilized the Optum Research Database (ORD), a proprietary insurance claims database belonging to United Health Care Corporation. The database includes enrollment information and medical and pharmacy claims for > 73 million enrollees with commercial coverage and 8.3 million enrollees with Medicare Advantage medical and Part D pharmacy coverage. The dataset used for this research study was extracted from the ORD using a patient-finding algorithm. Clovis Oncology contracted OPTUM/UHC for the final aggregate data reports but did not license the dataset with individual patient-level data. Requests to access these datasets should be directed to Nicole Engel-Nitz, Nicole.Engel-Nitz@optum.com.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgments

Editorial assistance funded by Clovis Oncology, Inc., was provided by Nathan Yardley and Frederique H. Evans of Ashfield MedComms, an Ashfield Health company (Middletown, CT, USA).

Funding

This study was sponsored by Clovis Oncology, Inc.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Economics and Outcomes Research - US, Clovis Oncology, Boulder, CO, USA

    Katrine L. Wallace

  2. Health Economics and Outcomes Research, OPTUM, Eden Prairie, MN, USA

    Adrienne Landsteiner, Scott H. Bunner & Nicole M. Engel-Nitz

  3. Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Amy N. Luckenbaugh

Authors
  1. Katrine L. Wallace
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  2. Adrienne Landsteiner
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  4. Nicole M. Engel-Nitz
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  5. Amy N. Luckenbaugh
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Contributions

KLW directed the project and wrote manuscript draft. AL was the day-to-day project lead on the data statistics team at OPTUM. SHB provided statistical programming and analytic support. NME-N designed the study, provided project oversight at OPTUM, and supported analyses through her expert knowledge of the database. ANL provided medical input and guided writing of the discussion section.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katrine L. Wallace.

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Conflict of interest

KLW is an employee of Clovis Oncology, Inc., and may own stock or have stock options in that company. AL was an employee of OPTUM at the time of the study. SHB and NME-N are employees of OPTUM, which received consulting fees from Clovis Oncology. SHB and NME-N own stock in UnitedHealth Group. ANL has nothing to disclose.

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Wallace, K.L., Landsteiner, A., Bunner, S.H. et al. Increasing prevalence of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in a managed care population in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 32, 1365–1374 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01484-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01484-4

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