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Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption and risk of prostate cancer progression by smoking history

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Abstract

Purpose

Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption and prostate cancer progression is understudied.

Methods

We examined 1,557 men from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor who completed a food frequency questionnaire a median of 28 months post-diagnosis. We estimated associations between post-diagnostic coffee (total, caffeinated, decaffeinated) and tea (total, non-herbal, herbal) and risk of prostate cancer progression (recurrence, secondary treatment, bone metastases, or prostate cancer death) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also examined whether smoking (current, former, never) modified these associations.

Results

We observed 167 progression events (median follow-up 9 years). Higher coffee intake was associated with higher risk of progression among current smokers (n = 95). The hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for 5 vs 0 cups/day of coffee was 0.5 (CI 0.2, 1.7) among never smokers, but 4.5 (CI 1.1, 19.4) among current smokers (p-interaction: 0.001). There was no association between total coffee intake and prostate cancer progression among never and former smokers. However, we observed an inverse association between decaffeinated coffee (cups/days) and risk of prostate cancer progression in these men (HR > 0 to  < 1 vs 0: 1.1 (CI 0.7, 1.8); HR1 to <2 vs 0: 0.7 (CI 0.3, 1.4); HR≥2 vs 0: 0.6 (CI 0.3, 1.1); p-trend = 0.03). There was no association between tea and prostate cancer progression, overall or by smoking status.

Conclusion

Among non-smoking men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer, moderate coffee and tea consumption was not associated with risk of cancer progression. However, post-diagnostic coffee intake was associated with increased risk of progression among current smokers.

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Data may be available for replication or meta-analyses upon request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the participants of CaPSURE, who made this research possible, and the research team who diligently worked to ensure data quality.

Funding

CSL is supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (F31CA247093) and the UCSF Prostate Cancer Program Pilot Award. JMC is funded by the Steven & Christine Burd-Safeway Distinguished Professorship award. SAK is funded by the Helen Diller Family Chair in Population Science for Urologic Cancer. EVB is supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (K07CA197077). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. CaPSURE is funded by the United States Department of Defense Prostate Cancer Research Program (W81XWH-13-2-0074 and W81XWH-04-1-0850).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Crystal S. Langlais, June M. Chan, Rebecca E. Graff & Erin L. Van Blarigan

  2. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    June M. Chan, Stacey A. Kenfield, Janet E. Cowan, Jeanette M. Broering, Peter Carroll & Erin L. Van Blarigan

  3. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    June M. Chan, Stacey A. Kenfield, Rebecca E. Graff, Peter Carroll & Erin L. Van Blarigan

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  1. Crystal S. Langlais
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  8. Erin L. Van Blarigan
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Contributions

Conceptualization: CSL, JMC, SAK, ELVB; Data Curation: JEC, JMB; Formal Analysis: CSL; Funding Acquisition: JMC, PC, ELVB; Methodology: CSL, JMC, SAK, REG, ELVB; Supervision: ELVB; Visualization; CSL, JMC, SAK, REG, ELVB; Writing-Original Draft: CSL; Writing-Review & Editing: All authors.

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Correspondence to Crystal S. Langlais.

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Ethical approval

The study obtained institutional review board (IRB) approval and the study was conducted in accordance with the Belmont Report and U.S. Common Rule under local IRB supervision.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Langlais, C.S., Chan, J.M., Kenfield, S.A. et al. Post-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption and risk of prostate cancer progression by smoking history. Cancer Causes Control 32, 635–644 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01417-1

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