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Testicular cancer in Hispanics: incidence of subtypes over time according to neighborhood sociodemographic factors in California

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Abstract

Purpose

Hispanic men in the USA experience the second-highest incidence rate of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs), behind non-Hispanic (NH) White men, and have experienced steep increases in TGCT in recent decades. It is unknown whether increases in incidence differ according to neighborhood sociodemographic factors.

Methods

We conducted a population-based study of n = 3759 Hispanic and n = 8469 NH White men (n = 12,228 total) diagnosed with TGCT in California during the three most recent pericensal periods. We calculated incidence rates according to neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and among Hispanics, according to ethnic enclave. We calculated incidence rate ratios to compare rates across nSES and ethnic enclave and to examine changes in rates over pericensal time periods according to these neighborhood factors for major histologic types (i.e., seminoma and nonseminoma).

Results

Hispanic men residing in high SES, compared to low SES, neighborhoods had greater incidence of seminoma and nonseminoma testicular cancer across pericensal periods, as did Hispanic men in low enclave (less ethnic), compared to high enclave, neighborhoods. Between the periods 1998–2002 and 2008–2012, Hispanic men residing in low SES neighborhoods experienced a 39% increased incidence of seminoma, while those residing in low and middle SES neighborhoods experienced 87% and 48% increased incidence of nonseminoma, respectively.

Conclusion

While TGCT incidence has increased among all Hispanic men, incidence increases appear to be driven disproportionately by those residing in lower SES and lower enclave neighborhoods, particularly for nonseminoma.

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Acknowledgments

The collection of cancer incidence data used in this study was supported by the California Department of Public Health pursuant to California Health and Safety Code Section 103885; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries, under cooperative agreement 5NU58DP006344; the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under contract HHSN261201800032I awarded to the University of California, San Francisco, contract HHSN261201800015I awarded to the University of Southern California, and contract HHSN261201800009I awarded to the Public Health Institute, Cancer Registry of Greater California. The ideas and opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the State of California, Department of Public Health, the National Cancer Institute, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or their Contractors and Subcontractors. This work was funded in part by the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program under contract HHSN261201800032I awarded to the University of California, San Francisco (MM, DYL, SLG, and IC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Mindy C. DeRouen, Daphne Y. Lichtensztajn, Scarlett Lin Gomez & Iona Cheng

  2. UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Mindy C. DeRouen, Hala T. Borno, Scarlett Lin Gomez & Iona Cheng

  3. Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Meg McKinley, Daphne Y. Lichtensztajn, Scarlett Lin Gomez & Iona Cheng

  4. Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Sumit Anil Shah

  5. Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA

    Sumit Anil Shah, John T. Leppert, James D. Brooks & Benjamin I. Chung

  6. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Hala T. Borno

  7. Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    Rhonda Aoki

  8. Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    John T. Leppert

  9. Department of Urology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA

    John T. Leppert, James D. Brooks & Benjamin I. Chung

  10. 2nd Floor, 550 16th St, Stanford, CA, 94158, USA

    Mindy C. DeRouen

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  1. Mindy C. DeRouen
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Correspondence to Mindy C. DeRouen.

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DeRouen, M.C., McKinley, M., Shah, S.A. et al. Testicular cancer in Hispanics: incidence of subtypes over time according to neighborhood sociodemographic factors in California. Cancer Causes Control 31, 713–721 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01311-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-020-01311-2

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