Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Colorectal cancer incidence among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites in the United States

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Cancer Causes & Control Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has declined over the past two decades; however, these declines have not occurred equally in all populations. To better understand the impact of CRC among Hispanics, we examined incidence trends by age and Hispanic ethnicity.

Methods

Using data from the National Program of Cancer Registries and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we estimated CRC incidence rates during the period 2001–2014, and across all 50 U.S. states. We estimated incidence rates in younger (age < 50 years) and older (age ≥ 50 years) adults by anatomic subsite and stage at diagnosis, separately for non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanic Whites.

Results

CRC incidence rates declined among older (age ≥ 50 years) Whites and Hispanics, but Whites experienced a greater decline (31% vs. 27% relative decline among Hispanics). In contrast to older adults, there were continued increases in CRC incidence from 2001 to 2014 among younger (age 20–49 years) adults. The largest relative increases in incidence occurred in Hispanics aged 20–29 years (90% vs. 50% relative increase among Whites).

Conclusions

Opposing incidence trends in younger versus older Hispanics may reflect generational differences in CRC risk by birth cohort, as well as environmental exposures and lifestyle-related risk factors associated with immigration and acculturation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Siegel R, Desantis C, Jemal A (2014) Colorectal cancer statistics, 2014. CA: Cancer J Clin 64(2):104–117

    Google Scholar 

  2. Murphy CC, Sandler RS, Sanoff HK, Yang YC, Lund JL, Baron JA (2017) Decrease in incidence of colorectal cancer among individuals 50 years or older after recommendations for population-based screening. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(6):903–909.e906

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Koblinski J, Jandova J, Nfonsam V (2017) Disparities in incidence of early-and late-onset colorectal cancer between Hispanics and Whites: a 10-year SEER database study. Am J Surg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.03.035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Meester RG, Doubeni CA, Lansdorp-Vogelaar I et al (2015) Colorectal cancer deaths attributable to nonuse of screening in the United States. Ann Epidemiol 25(3):208–213, e201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cronin KA, Krebs-Smith SM, Feuer EJ, Troiano RP, Ballard-Barbash R (2001) Evaluating the impact of population changes in diet, physical activity, and weight status on population risk for colon cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 12(4):305–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Vogelaar I, van Ballegooijen M, Schrag D et al (2006) How much can current interventions reduce colorectal cancer mortality in the U.S.? Mortality projections for scenarios of risk-factor modification, screening, and treatment. Cancer 107(7):1624–1633

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Robbins AS, Siegel RL, Jemal A (2012) Racial disparities in stage-specific colorectal cancer mortality rates from 1985 to 2008. J Clin Oncol 30(4):401–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fedewa SA et al (2017) Colorectal cancer statistics, 2017. CA: Cancer J Clin 67(3):177–193

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lansdorp-Vogelaar I, Kuntz KM, Knudsen AB, van Ballegooijen M, Zauber AG, Jemal A (2012) Contribution of screening and survival differences to racial disparities in colorectal cancer rates. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 21(5):728–736

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Doubeni CA, Field TS, Buist DS et al (2007) Racial differences in tumor stage and survival for colorectal cancer in an insured population. Cancer 109(3):612–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Laiyemo AO, Doubeni C, Pinsky PF et al (2010) Race and colorectal cancer disparities: health-care utilization vs different cancer susceptibilities. J Natl Cancer Inst 102(8):538–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Murphy CC, Harlan LC, Warren JL, Geiger AM (2015) Race and insurance differences in the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy among patients with stage III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 33(23):2530–2536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Murphy CC, Sanoff HK, Stitzenberg KB, Baron JA, Lund JL, Sandler RS (2017) Patterns of sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of stages II and III colorectal cancer patients by age: examining potential mechanisms of young-onset disease. J Cancer Epidemiol 2017:4024580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Howe HL, Wu X, Ries LA et al (2006) Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2003, featuring cancer among US Hispanic/Latino populations. Cancer 107(8):1711–1742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Siegel RL, Jemal A, Ward EM (2009) Increase in incidence of colorectal cancer among young men and women in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 18(6):1695–1698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bailey CE, Hu CY, You YN et al (2015) Increasing disparities in the age-related incidences of colon and rectal cancers in the United States, 1975-2010. JAMA Surg 150(1):17–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Anderson WF et al (2017) Colorectal cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1974-2013. J Natl Cancer Inst. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw322

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) Research Data (1992–2015), National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, released April 2018, based on the November 2017 submission.

  19. Patten E (2016) The nation’s Latino population is defined by its youth. http://www.pewhispanic.org/2016/04/20/the-nations-latino-population-is-defined-by-its-youth/#fn-24238-1. Accessed 19 April 2018

  20. Flores A (2017) How the U.S. Hispanic population is changing. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/18/how-the-u-s-hispanic-population-is-changing/. Accessed 19 April 2018

  21. John EM, Phipps AI, Davis A, Koo J (2005) Migration history, acculturation, and breast cancer risk in Hispanic women. Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomark 14(12):2905–2913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2012) Cancer statistics for hispanics/latinos, 2012. CA: Cancer J Clin 62(5):283–298

    Google Scholar 

  23. Eschbach K, Mahnken JD, Goodwin JS (2005) Neighborhood composition and incidence of cancer among Hispanics in the United States. Cancer 103(5):1036–1044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Control DoCPa (2017) NPCR, incidence—SEER USCS public use databases. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/public-use/index.htm. Accessed 15 February 2018

  25. Tiwari RC, Clegg LX, Zou Z (2006) Efficient interval estimation for age-adjusted cancer rates. Stat Methods Med Res 15(6):547–569

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Group NRaEW. NAACCR guideline for Enhancing Hispanic/Latino identification: revised NAACCR Hispanic/Latino Identification Algorithm [NHIA v2.2.1]. In: Springfield (IL): North American Association of Central Cancer Registries September 2011

  27. Finder AF (2018) U.S. 2010 Census Summary File 1, Table Qt-P10 Hipsanic or Latino by Type. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table. Accessed 20 July 2018

  28. Haile RW, John EM, Levine AJ et al (2012) A review of cancer in U.S. Hispanic populations. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 5(2):150–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Pinheiro PS, Sherman RL, Trapido EJ et al (2009) Cancer incidence in first generation U.S. Hispanics: Cubans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and new Latinos. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 18(8):2162–2169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Klabunde CN, Cronin KA, Breen N, Waldron WR, Ambs AH, Nadel MR (2011) Trends in colorectal cancer test use among vulnerable populations in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 20(8):1611–1621

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Meissner HI, Breen N, Klabunde CN, Vernon SW (2006) Patterns of colorectal cancer screening uptake among men and women in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 15(2):389–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sabatino SA, White MC, Thompson TD, Klabunde CN (2015) Cancer screening test use—United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 64(17):464–468

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Shapiro JA, Klabunde CN, Thompson TD, Nadel MR, Seeff LC, White A (2012) Patterns of colorectal cancer test use, including CT colonography, in the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 21(6):895–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Shapiro JA, Seeff LC, Thompson TD, Nadel MR, Klabunde CN, Vernon SW (2008) Colorectal cancer test use from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 17(7):1623–1630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. White A, Thompson TD, White MC et al (2017) Cancer screening test use—United States, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66(8):201–206

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Liss DT, Baker DW (2014) Understanding current racial/ethnic disparities in colorectal cancer screening in the United States: the contribution of socioeconomic status and access to care. Am J Prev Med 46(3):228–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Valdovinos C, Penedo FJ, Isasi CR et al (2016) Perceived discrimination and cancer screening behaviors in US Hispanics: the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos sociocultural ancillary study. Cancer Causes Control 27(1):27–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Jandorf L, Ellison J, Villagra C et al (2010) Understanding the barriers and facilitators of colorectal cancer screening among low income immigrant hispanics. J Immigr Minor Health 12(4):462–469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Miller DP Jr, Denizard-Thompson N, Weaver KE et al (2018) Effect of a digital health intervention on receipt of colorectal cancer screening in vulnerable patients: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 168:550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Reuland DS, Brenner AT, Hoffman R et al (2017) Effect of combined patient decision aid and patient navigation vs usual care for colorectal cancer screening in a vulnerable patient population: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 177(7):967–974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Goldman SN, Liss DT, Brown T et al (2015) Comparative effectiveness of multifaceted outreach to initiate colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: a randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med 30(8):1178–1184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Singal AG, Gupta S, Skinner CS et al (2017) Effect of colonoscopy outreach vs fecal immunochemical test outreach on colorectal cancer screening completion: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318(9):806–815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Gupta S, Halm EA, Rockey DC et al (2013) Comparative effectiveness of fecal immunochemical test outreach, colonoscopy outreach, and usual care for boosting colorectal cancer screening among the underserved: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 173(18):1725–1732

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Gushulak BD, MacPherson DW (2006) The basic principles of migration health: population mobility and gaps in disease prevalence. Emerg Themes Epidemiol 3(3):3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Wu X, Chen VW, Andrews PA, Ruiz B, Correa P (2007) Incidence of esophageal and gastric cancers among Hispanics, non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States: subsite and histology differences. Cancer Causes Control 18(6):585–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Trapido EJ, Burciaga RV, Obeso JL, Strickman-Stein N, Rotger A, Perez-Stable EJ (1995) Epidemiology of cancer among Hispanics in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1995(18):17–28

    Google Scholar 

  47. Altekruse SF, McGlynn KA, Reichman ME (2009) Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, mortality, and survival trends in the United States from 1975 to 2005. J Clin Oncol 27(9):1485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. El-Serag HB, Lau M, Eschbach K, Davila J, Goodwin J (2007) Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanics in the United States. Arch Intern Med 167(18):1983–1989

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Flegal KM, Kruszon-Moran D, Carroll MD, Fryar CD, Ogden CL (2016) Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014. JAMA 315(21):2284–2291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Mainous AG III, Majeed A, Koopman RJ et al (2006) Acculturation and diabetes among Hispanics: evidence from the 1999–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Public Health Rep 121(1):60–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wang DY, Thrift AP, Zarrin-Khameh N et al (2017) Rising incidence of colorectal cancer among young Hispanics in Texas. J Clin Gastroenterol 51(1):34–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. FactFinder USCBA. B01001I: sex by age [Hispanic or Latino Only]. http://factfinder2.census.gov. Accessed 19 April 2018

  53. Singh H, Nugent Z, Demers AA, Kliewer EV, Mahmud SM, Bernstein CN (2010) The reduction in colorectal cancer mortality after colonoscopy varies by site of the cancer. Gastroenterology 139(4):1128–1137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Yin D, Morris CR, Bates JH, German RR (2011) Effect of misclassified underlying cause of death on survival estimates of colon and rectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(14):1130–1133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Soto-Salgado M, Suarez E, Calo W, Cruz-Correa M, Figueroa-Valles NR, Ortiz AP (2009) Incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer in Puerto Rico and among Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and non-Hispanic Blacks in the United States, 1998-2002. Cancer 115(13):3016–3023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Gomez SL, Glaser SL (2005) Quality of cancer registry birthplace data for Hispanics living in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 16(6):713–723

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Lin SS, O’Malley CD, Lui SW (2001) Factors associated with missing birthplace information in a population-based cancer registry. Ethn Dis 11(4):598–605

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Gomez SL, Le GM, West DW, Satariano WA, O’Connor L (2003) Hospital policy and practice regarding the collection of data on race, ethnicity, and birthplace. Am J Public Health 93(10):1685–1688

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (P30CA142543) and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (KL2TR001103 to Dr. Murphy) at the National Institutes of Health.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Clinical Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Sandra Garcia, Sandi L. Pruitt, Amit G. Singal & Caitlin C. Murphy

  2. Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Sandra Garcia, Sandi L. Pruitt, Amit G. Singal & Caitlin C. Murphy

  3. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    Caitlin C. Murphy

Authors
  1. Sandra Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sandi L. Pruitt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Amit G. Singal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Caitlin C. Murphy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caitlin C. Murphy.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest or financial disclosures.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 148 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Garcia, S., Pruitt, S.L., Singal, A.G. et al. Colorectal cancer incidence among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites in the United States. Cancer Causes Control 29, 1039–1046 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1077-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-018-1077-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation