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Prostate cancer chemoprevention in men of African descent: current state of the art and opportunities for future research

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Abstract

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in men. However, African American/Black men are 60 % more likely to be diagnosed with and 2.4 times more likely to die from prostate cancer, compared to Non-Hispanic White men. Despite the increased burden of this malignancy, no evidence-based recommendation regarding prostate cancer screening exists for the high-risk population. Moreover, in addition to screening and detection, African American men may constitute a prime population for chemoprevention. Early detection and chemoprevention may thus represent an integral part of prostate cancer control in this population. Importantly, recent research has elucidated biological differences in the prostate tumors of African American compared to European American men. The latter may enable a more favorable response in African American men to specific chemopreventive agents that target relevant signal transduction pathways. Based on this evolving evidence, the aims of this review are threefold. First, we aim to summarize the biological differences that were reported in the prostate tumors of African American and European American men. Second, we will review the single- and multi-target chemopreventive agents placing specific emphasis on the pathways implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. And lastly, we will discuss the most promising nutraceutical chemopreventive compounds. Our review underscores the promise of chemoprevention in prostate cancer control, as well as provides justification for further investment in this filed to ultimately reduce prostate cancer morbidity and mortality in this high-risk population of African American men.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grant Number W81XWH-11-1-0376 from the Department of Defense, Prostate Cancer Research Program (DoD PCRP), and by Grant Number 1 P20 MD003375-01 from the National Institute of Health (NIH). The manuscript contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the DoD or the NIH.

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  1. Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Ganna Chornokur & Nagi B. Kumar

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Chornokur, G., Kumar, N.B. Prostate cancer chemoprevention in men of African descent: current state of the art and opportunities for future research. Cancer Causes Control 24, 1465–1480 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-013-0241-x

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