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Unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy and lung cancer risk in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort

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Abstract

Purpose

Previous studies have reported that lung cancer risk may be decreased, increased, or unaffected by prior use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT).

Methods

To assess this issue further, we examined relationships among 118,008 women, ages 50–71 years who were recruited during 1995–1996 for the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study and in whom 2,097 incident lung carcinomas were identified during follow-up through 2006. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with various measures of self-reported MHT use.

Results

We found no evidence that either estrogen therapy (ET)-only or estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT) use was substantially related to subsequent lung cancer risk (respective RRs and 95% CIs for ever use = 0.97, 0.86–1.09 and 1.03, 0.90–1.17). There were no significant variations according to currency or duration of use of either formulation, nor was there evidence that risks varied within subgroups defined by cigarette smoking or body size. The absence of effect was seen for nearly all lung cancer subtypes, with the exception of an increased risk of undifferentiated/large cell cancers associated with long-term ET-only use (p trend = 0.02), a relationship not observed among EPT users.

Conclusions

Our results failed to support any substantial alterations in lung cancer risk associated with use of either unopposed estrogen or estrogen plus progestin MHT, even when detailed exposure measures and other risk predictors were considered.

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Abbreviations

NCI:

National Cancer Institute

AARP:

American Association of Retired Persons

MHT:

Menopausal hormone therapy

RR:

Relative risk

CI:

Confidence interval

ET:

Estrogen therapy

PT:

Progestin therapy

EPT:

Estrogen plus progestin therapy

NSCLC:

Non-small cell lung cancer

NOS:

Not otherwise specified

BMI:

Body mass index

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Acknowledgments

This investigation was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Blvd., Room 5018, Suite 550, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    Louise A. Brinton

  2. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Blvd., Room 5028, Suite 550, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    Lauren Schwartz

  3. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Margaret R. Spitz

  4. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Blvd., Room 3048, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    Yikyung Park

  5. Organizational and Tracking Research Department, AARP, 601 E St. NW, Washington, DC, 20049, USA

    Albert R. Hollenbeck

  6. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Blvd., Room 5016, Suite 550, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA

    Gretchen L. Gierach

Authors
  1. Louise A. Brinton
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  2. Lauren Schwartz
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  3. Margaret R. Spitz
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  4. Yikyung Park
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  6. Gretchen L. Gierach
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Louise A. Brinton.

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Brinton, L.A., Schwartz, L., Spitz, M.R. et al. Unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin menopausal hormone therapy and lung cancer risk in the NIH–AARP Diet and Health Study Cohort. Cancer Causes Control 23, 487–496 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9904-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9904-2

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