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Nighttime light level co-distributes with breast cancer incidence worldwide

Cancer Causes & Control volume 21, pages 2059–2068 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

Breast cancer incidence varies widely among countries of the world for largely unknown reasons. We investigated whether country-level light at night (LAN) is associated with incidence. We compared incidence rates of five common cancers in women (breast, lung, colorectal, larynx, and liver), observed in 164 countries of the world from the GLOBOCAN database, with population-weighted country-level LAN, and with several developmental and environmental indicators, including fertility rate, per capita income, percent of urban population, and electricity consumption. Two types of regression models were used in the analysis: Ordinary Least Squares and Spatial Errors. We found a significant positive association between population LAN level and incidence rates of breast cancer. There was no such an association between LAN level and colorectal, larynx, liver, and lung cancers. A sensitivity test, holding other variables at their average values, yielded a 30–50% higher risk of breast cancer in the highest LAN exposed countries compared to the lowest LAN exposed countries. The possibility that under-reporting from the registries in the low-resource, and also low-LAN, countries created a spurious association was evaluated in several ways and shown not to account for the results. These findings provide coherence of the previously reported case–control and cohort studies with the co-distribution of LAN and breast cancer in entire populations.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Haifa, 31905, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel

    Itai Kloog & Boris A. Portnov

  2. University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030-6325, USA

    Richard G. Stevens

  3. The Israeli Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Chronobiology, University of Haifa, 31905, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel

    Abraham Haim

Authors
  1. Itai Kloog
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  2. Richard G. Stevens
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  3. Abraham Haim
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  4. Boris A. Portnov
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Boris A. Portnov.

Appendices

Appendix 1

See Table 3.

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of the research variables
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Appendix 2

See Table 4.

Table 4 Average LAN exposure in selected countries
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Kloog, I., Stevens, R.G., Haim, A. et al. Nighttime light level co-distributes with breast cancer incidence worldwide. Cancer Causes Control 21, 2059–2068 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9624-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-010-9624-4

Keywords

  • Breast cancer
  • Epidemiology
  • Geography
  • Light at night (LAN)