Meta-analysis of Studies of Alcohol and Breast Cancer with Consideration of the Methodological Issues

Cancer Causes & Control volume 17, pages759–770(2006)Cite this article

Abstract

Objective

To give an up-to-date assessment of the association of alcohol with female breast cancer, addressing methodological issues and shortfalls in previous overviews.

Methods

Meta-analysis of studies (any language) providing original data on incidence of first primary breast cancer and alcohol. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Study quality assessed by objective criteria including degree of control for confounding; funnel plots examined for publication bias; meta-regression techniques to explore heterogeneity. Risks associated with drinking versus not drinking and dose–response not constrained through the origin estimated using random effects methods.

Results

Ninety-eight unique studies were included, involving 75,728 and 60,653 cases in drinker versus non-drinker and dose–response analyses, respectively. Findings were robust to study design and analytic approaches in the meta-analyses. For studies judged high quality, controlled for appropriate confounders, excess risk associated with alcohol drinking was 22% (95% CI: 9–37%); each additional 10 g ethanol/day was associated with risk higher by 10% (95% CI: 5–15%). There was no evidence of publication bias. Risk did not differ significantly by beverage type or menopausal status. Estimated population attributable risks were 1.6 and 6.0% in USA and UK, respectively.

Conclusions

Taking account of shortcomings in the study base and methodological concerns, we confirm the alcohol–breast cancer association. We compared our results to those of an individual patient data analysis, with similar findings. We conclude that the association between alcohol and breast cancer may be causal.

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Acknowledgments

Study funded by the Department of Health in England. Authors gratefully acknowledge advice and comments from members and secretariat of the Committee on Carcinogenicity of the Department of Health. Grant support for this work was by UK Department of Health (META-ANLAYSIS/99).

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK

    Jane Key, Susan Hodgson & Paul Elliott

  2. Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, UK

    Rumana Z. Omar

  3. Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

    Tina K. Jensen

  4. MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge

    Simon G. Thompson

  5. Section of Experimental Medicine and Toxicology, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Alan R. Boobis & Donald S. Davies

Authors
  1. Jane Key
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  2. Susan Hodgson
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  3. Rumana Z. Omar
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  4. Tina K. Jensen
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  8. Paul Elliott
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Correspondence to Paul Elliott.

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Key, J., Hodgson, S., Omar, R.Z. et al. Meta-analysis of Studies of Alcohol and Breast Cancer with Consideration of the Methodological Issues. Cancer Causes Control 17, 759–770 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0011-0

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Keywords

  • Alcohol
  • Breast cancer
  • Epidemiology
  • Meta-analysis