Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Are risk factors for breast cancer associated with follow-up procedures in diverse women with abnormal mammography?

  • Published:
Cancer Causes & Control Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective We evaluated the association of risk factors for breast cancer with reported follow-up procedures after abnormal mammography among diverse women.

Methods: Women ages 40–80 years were recruited from four clinical sites after receiving a screening mammography result that was classified as abnormal but probably benign, suspicious or highly suspicious, or indeterminate using standard criteria. A telephone-administered survey asked about breast cancer risk factors (family history, estrogen use, physical inactivity, age of menarche, age at birth of first child, parity, alcohol use), and self-reported use of diagnostic tests (follow-up mammogram, breast ultrasound, or biopsy).

Results: Nine hundred and seventy women completed the interview, mean age was 56, 42% were White, 19% Latina, 25% African American, and 15% Asian. White women were more likely to have a positive family history (20%), use estrogen (32%), be nulliparous (17%) and drink alcohol (62%). Latinas were more likely to be physically inactive (93%), African Americans to have early onset of menarche (53%) and Asians first child after age 30 (21%). White women were more likely to have suspicious mammograms (40%) and to undergo biopsy (45%). In multivariate models, Latinas were more likely to report breast ultrasound, physical inactive women reported fewer follow-up mammograms, and care outside the academic health center was associated with fewer biopsies. Indeterminate and suspicious mammography interpretations were significantly associated with more biopsy procedures (OR=8.4; 95% CI = 3.8–18.5 and OR=59; 95% CI = 35–100, respectively).

Conclusions: Demographic profile and breast cancer risk factors have little effect on self-reported use of diagnostic procedures following an abnormal mammography examination. Level of mammography abnormality determines diagnostic evaluation but variance by site of care was observed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K Amstrong A Eisen B Weber (2000) ArticleTitleAssessing the risk of breast cancer N Eng J Med 342 564–571 Occurrence Handle10.1056/NEJM200002243420807

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Levine C, Amstrong K, Chopra S, Estok R, Zhang S, Ross S. Diagnosis and management of specific breast abnormalities. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Department of Health and Human Services; September 2001. AHRQ Publication No. 01-E046

  3. A Jemal T Murray A Samuels A Ghafoor E Ward MJ Thun (2003) ArticleTitleCancer Statistics, 2003 CA 53 IssueID1 5–26 Occurrence Handle12568441

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. A Jemal A Thomas T Murray M. Thun (2002) ArticleTitleCancer Statistics CA 52 IssueID1 23–47 Occurrence Handle11814064

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. PA Ganz KA Desmond B Leedham JH Rowland BE Meyerowitz TR. Belin (2000) ArticleTitleQuality of life in long-term, disease-free survivors of breast cancer: a follow-up study J Natl Cancer Inst 94 IssueID1 39–49

    Google Scholar 

  6. SN Goodman (2002) ArticleTitleThe mammography dilemma: a crisis for evidence-based medicine? Ann Int Med 137 IssueID5 Part 1 363–365 Occurrence Handle12204023

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. LL Humphrey M Helfand BK Chan SH Woolf (2002) ArticleTitleBreast cancer screening: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force Ann Int Med 137 IssueID5 Part 1 347–360 Occurrence Handle12204020

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. O Olsen PC Gotzsche (2001) ArticleTitleCochrane review on screening for breast cancer with mammography Lancet 358 1340–1342 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06449-2 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MngvFegug%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11684218

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. AS O’Malley J Kerner AE Johnson J Mandelblatt (1999) ArticleTitleAcculturation and breast cancer screening among Hispanic women in New York City AJPH 89 IssueID2 219–227 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7jsV2isA%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. LS Caplan DS May LC Richardson (2000) ArticleTitleTime to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer: Results from the national breast and cervical cancer early detection program, 1991–1995 AJPH 90 IssueID1 130–134 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FpsFKitQ%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. MU Yood CC Johnson A Blount et al. (1999) ArticleTitleRace and differences in breast cancer survival in a managed care population J Natl Cancer Inst 91 IssueID17 1487–1491 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jnci/91.17.1487 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1MvgtVyisQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10469750

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. RE Zambrana N Breen SA Fox ML Gutierrez-Mohamed (1999) ArticleTitleUse of cancer screening practices by Hispanic women: Analyses by subgroup Prev Med 29 IssueID6 Pt 1 466–477 Occurrence Handle10.1006/pmed.1999.0566 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FntVWrsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10600427

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. DM Makuc N Breen V Freid (1999) ArticleTitleLow income, race and mammography HSR 34 IssueID1 229–239 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M3htlOlsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10199671

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. K Kerlikowske P Salzmann KA Phillips JA Cauley SR Cummings (1999) ArticleTitleContinuing screening mammography in women aged 70 to 79 years impact on life expectancy and cost-effectiveness J Am Med Assoc 282 IssueID22 2156–2163 Occurrence Handle10.1001/jama.282.22.2156 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2Flslaqtw%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. GF Riley AL Potosky CN Klabunde JL Warren R Ballard-Barbash (1999) ArticleTitleStage at diagnosis and treatment patterns among older women with breast cancer: An HMO and fee-for-service comparison J Am Med Assoc 281 IssueID8 720–726 Occurrence Handle10.1001/jama.281.8.720 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M7lvFyjtQ%3D%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. PB Bach D Schrag OW Brawley et al. (2002) ArticleTitleSurvival of blacks and whites after a cancer dianosis JAMA 287 2106–2113 Occurrence Handle10.1001/jama.287.16.2106 Occurrence Handle11966385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. JG Elmore CK Wells DH Howard AR Feinstein (1997) ArticleTitleThe impact of clinical history on mammographic interpretations JAMA 277 IssueID1 49–52 Occurrence Handle10.1001/jama.277.1.49 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiC3svmsFQ%3D Occurrence Handle8980210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. PA Nutting M Bair JJ Werner G Cutter C Conry L Stewart (2001) ArticleTitleCompeting demands in the office visit: What influences mammography recommendations? J Am Board Family Pract. 14 IssueID5 352–361 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrisV2guw%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. RA Smith V Cokkinides AC Eschenbach Particlevon et al. (2002) ArticleTitleAmerican cancer society guidelines for the early detection of cancer CA 52 IssueID1 8–22 Occurrence Handle11814067

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. K Kerlikowske D Grady J Barclay et al. (1998) ArticleTitleVariability and accuracy in mammographic interpretation using the American college of radiology breast imaging reporting and data system J Natl Cancer Inst 90 IssueID23 1801–1809 Occurrence Handle10.1093/jnci/90.23.1801 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1M%2Fltlamtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9839520

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. J Dorn J Vena J Brasure J Freudenheim S Graham (2003) ArticleTitleLifetime physical activity and breast cancer risk in pre-and postmenopausal women Med Sci Sports Exerc 35 IssueID2 278–285 Occurrence Handle12569217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. GA Colditz D Feskanich WY Chen DJ Hunter WC Willett (2003) ArticleTitlePhysical activity and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women BJC 89 847–851 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.bjc.6601175 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3svksl2rtA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle12942116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. EE Calle C Rodriguez K Walker-Thurmond MJ Thurmond (2003) ArticleTitleOverweight, obesity and mortality from cancer in a prospective studied cohort of U.S. adults N Engll J Med 348 IssueID17 1625–1638 Occurrence Handle10.1056/NEJMoa021423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. WY Chen GA Colditz B Rosner et al. (2002) ArticleTitleUse of postmenopausal hormones, alcohol and risk of invasive breast cancer Ann Int Med 137 IssueID10 798–804 Occurrence Handle12435216

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. R Wooster B Weber (2003) ArticleTitleBreast and ovarian cancer N Eng J Med 348 IssueID23 2339–2347 Occurrence Handle10.1056/NEJMra012284 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkt1Kktrc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. RT Chlebowski SL Hendrix RD Langer et al. (2003) ArticleTitleInfluence of estrogen plus progesting on breast cancer and mammography in healthy postmenopausal women: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trial JAMA 289 IssueID24 3243–3253 Occurrence Handle10.1001/jama.289.24.3243 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXkvVOktbg%3D Occurrence Handle12824205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. E.D.S Cho DJ Hunter et al. (2003) ArticleTitlePremenopausal fat intake and risk of breast cancer J Natl Cancer Inst 95 IssueID14 1079–1085 Occurrence Handle12865454

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. A McTiernan (2003) ArticleTitleBehavioral risk factors in breast cancer: Can risk be modified? Oncologist 8 326–334 Occurrence Handle12897329

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. RA Hiatt RJ Pasick EJ Pérez-Stable et al. (1996) ArticleTitlePathways to early cancer detection in the multiethnic population of the San Francisco Bay Area Health Educ Q 23 IssueIDS S10–S27

    Google Scholar 

  30. RA Hiatt RJ Pasick S Stewart et al. (2001) ArticleTitleCommunity-based cancer screening for underserved women: Design and baseline findings from the breast and cervical cancer intervention study Prev Med 33 IssueID3 190–203 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvnvFCrtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11522160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. G Marín F Sabogal B VanOss Marín R Otero-Sabogal EJ Pérez-Stable (1987) ArticleTitleDevelopment of a short acculturation scale for Hispanics Hips J Beh Sci. 9 IssueID2 183–205

    Google Scholar 

  32. S Fletcher JG. Elmore (2003) ArticleTitleMammographic screening for breast cancer N Eng J Med 348 IssueID17 1672–1680

    Google Scholar 

  33. JA Dijick Particlevan AL Verbeek L Beex (1996) ArticleTitleMammographic screening after the age of 65 years: evidence for a reduction in breast cancer mortality Int. J. Cancer 66 727–731 Occurrence Handle8647640

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. RC Burack JG Gurney AM McDaniel (1998) ArticleTitleHealth status and mammography use among older women J Gen Int Med 13 366–372 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1czjt1ahug%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. ED Paskett CM Tatum DW Mack H Hoen LD Case R Velez (1996) ArticleTitleValidation of self-reported breast and cervical cancer screening tests among low-income minority women Cancer Epidemiol Biormarkers Prev 5 IssueID9 721–726 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByiD3s7htlw%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. SJ McPhee TT Nguyen SJ Shema et al. (2002) ArticleTitleValidation of recall of breast and cervical cancer screening by women in an ethnically diverse population Prev Med 35 463–473 Occurrence Handle12431895

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. PG McGovern N Lurie KL Margolis JS Slater (1998) ArticleTitleAccuracy of self-report of mammography and pap smear in a low-income urban population Am J Prev Med 14 IssueID3 201–208 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0749-3797(97)00076-7 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK1c3ivVWrsw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9569221

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. MS O’Malley JAL Earp ST Hawley MJ Schell HF Mathews J Mitchell (2001) ArticleTitleThe association of race/ethnicity socioeconomic status, and physician recommendation for mammography: Who gets the message about breast cancer screening AJPH 91 IssueID1 49–54 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FptlKgsQ%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. EA Coleman P O’Sullivan (2001) ArticleTitleRacial differences in breast cancer screening among women from 65 to 74 years of age: trends from 1987–1993 and barriers to screening J Women Aging 13 IssueID3 23–39 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3Mnns1CnsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11722004

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. ZH Wu SA Black KS Markides (2001) ArticleTitlePrevalence and associated factors of cancer screening: Why are so many older Mexican American women never screened? Prev Med 33 IssueID4 268–273 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrisVCjtw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11570830

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. K Flobbe AM Bosch AGH Kessels et al. (2003) ArticleTitleThe additional diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of breast cancer Arch Int Med 163 1194–1199

    Google Scholar 

  42. K Kerlikowske R Smith-Bindman BM Ljung D Grady (2003) ArticleTitleEvaluation of abnormal mammography results and palpable breast abnormalities Ann Int Med 139 IssueID4 274–284 Occurrence Handle12965983

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, (UCSF), San Francisco, USA

    Teresa C. Juarbe

  2. Medical Effectiveness Research Center for Diverse Populations, Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, UCSF, USA 400 Parnassus Avenue, Room A 405, Box 0320, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0320, USA

    Teresa C. Juarbe, Celia Patricia Kaplan, Ginny Gildengorin & Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable

  3. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF, USA

    Celia Patricia Kaplan, Rena Pasick, Ginny Gildengorin & Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable

  4. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, USA

    Carol P. Somkin

  5. Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, USA

    Rena Pasick & Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable

Authors
  1. Teresa C. Juarbe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Celia Patricia Kaplan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carol P. Somkin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Rena Pasick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Ginny Gildengorin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Juarbe, T.C., Kaplan, C.P., Somkin, C.P. et al. Are risk factors for breast cancer associated with follow-up procedures in diverse women with abnormal mammography?. Cancer Causes Control 16, 245–253 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-004-4028-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-004-4028-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation