Abstract
Family values are argued to enable ethical family business conduct. However, how these arise, evolve, and how family leaders articulate them is less understood. Using an ‘identity work’ approach, this paper finds that the values underpinning identity work: (1) arise from multiple sources (in our case: religion, culture and sustainability), (2) evolve in tandem with the context; and, (3) that their articulation is relational and aspirational, rather than merely historical. Prior research mostly understood family values as rooted in the past and relatively stable, but our rhetorical analysis unlocks a more dynamic and promising research direction advancing family business ethics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angelidis, J., & Ibrahim, N. (2004). An exploratory study of the impact of degree of religiousness upon an individual’s corporate social responsiveness orientation. Journal of Business Ethics,51, 119–128.
Anglin, A. H., Reid, S. W., Short, J. C., Zachary, M. A., & Rutherford, M. W. (2016). An archival approach to measuring family influence: An organizational identity perspective. Family Business Review,30(1), 19–36.
Anteby, M., & Molnár, V. (2012). Collective memory meets organizational identity: Remembering to forget in a firm’s rhetorical history. Academy of Management Journal,55, 515–540.
Balmer, J. M. T., Fukukawa, K., & Gray, E. R. (2007). The nature and management of ethical corporate identity: A commentary on corporate identity, corporate social responsibility and ethics. Journal of Business Ethics,76(1), 7–15.
Bardon, T., Brown, A. D., & Pezé, S. (2017). Identity regulation, identity work and phronesis. Human Relations,70(8), 940–965.
Basque, J., & Langley, A. (2018). Invoking Alphonse: The founder figure as a historical resource for organizational identity work. Organization Studies, 39(12), 1685–1708.
Beech, N. (2008). On the nature of dialogic identity work. Organization,15(1), 51–74.
Beech, N., Gilmore, C., Cochrane, E., & Greig, G. (2012). Identity work as a response to tensions: A re-narration in opera rehearsals. Scandinavian Journal of Management,28(1), 39–47.
Bingham, J. B., Dyer, W. G., Jr., Smith, I., & Adams, G. L. (2011). A stakeholder identity orientation approach to corporate social performance in family firms. Journal of Business Ethics,99(4), 565–585.
Binz Astrachan, C. A., Ferguson, K. E., Pieper, T. M., & Astrachan, J. H. (2017). Family business goals, corporate citizenship behaviour and firm performance: Disentangling the connections. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development,16(1–2), 34–56.
Brown, A. D. (2017). Identity work and organizational identification. International Journal of Management Reviews,19(3), 296–317.
Brown, A. D. (2019). Editorial: Identities in organization studies. Organization Studies, 40(1), 7–22.
Bryman, A. (2008). Social research methods (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Calkins, M. (2000). Recovering religions prophetic voice for business ethics. Journal of Business Ethics,23, 339–352.
Campopiano, G., & De Massis, A. (2014). Corporate social responsibility reporting: A content analysis in family and non-family firms. Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), 1–24.
Carney, M. (2005). Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29(3), 249–266.
Cennamo, C., Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth and proactive stakeholder engagement: Why family-controlled firms care more about their stakeholders. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,36(6), 1153–1173.
Christensen, L., Morsing, M., & Thyssen, O. (2013). CSR as aspirational talk. Organization,20(3), 372–393.
Clarke, C. A., Brown, A. D., & Hailey, V. H. (2009). Working identities? Antagonistic discursive resources and managerial identity. Human Relations,62(3), 323–352.
Coleman, S. (2000). The globalization of charismatic Christianity. Spreading the gospel of prosperity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Corlett, S., McInnes, P., Coupland, C., & Sheep, M. (2017). Exploring the registers of identity research. International Journal of Management Reviews,19(3), 261–272.
Davis, G. F., & Marquis, C. (2005). Prospects for organization theory in the early twenty-first century: Institutional fields and mechanisms. Organization Science,164, 332–343.
Delbecq, A. L. (1999). Christian spirituality and contemporary business leadership. Journal of Organizational Change Management,12(4), 345–349.
Ding, S., Qu, B., & Wu, Z. (2016). Family control, socioemotional wealth, and governance environment: The case of bribes. Journal of Business Ethics,136(3), 639–654.
Dou, J., Su, E., & Wang, S. (2019). When does family ownership promote proactive environmental strategy? The role of the firm’s long-term orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 158, 81–95.
Duh, M., Belak, J., & Milfelner, B. (2010). Core values, culture and ethical climate as constitutional elements of ethical behaviour: Exploring differences between family and non-family enterprises. Journal of Business Ethics,97(3), 473–489.
Eubanks, D. L., Brown, A. D., & Ybema, S. (2012). Leadership, identity, and ethics. Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), 1–3.
Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics,2(84), 265–278.
García-Álvarez, E., & López-Sintas, J. (2001). A taxonomy of founders based on values: The root of family business heterogeneity. Family Business Review,14(3), 209–230.
Gomez, E. T. (2012). Chinese business in Malaysia: Accumulation, accommodation and ascendance. London: Routledge.
Gomez, E. T., & Jomo, K. S. (1999). Malaysia’s political economy: Politics, patronage and profits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kellermanns, F. W. (2013). Spirituality and religion in family firms. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion,10(2), 112–115.
Knapp, J. R., Smith, B. R., Kreiner, G. E., Sundaramurthy, C., & Barton, S. L. (2013). Managing boundaries through identity work: The role of individual and organizational identity tactics. Family Business Review,26(4), 333–355.
Konig, A., Kammerlander, N., & Enders, A. (2013). The family innovator’s dilemma: How family influence affects the adoption of discontinuous technologies by incumbent firms. Academy of Management Review,38, 418–441.
Koning, J., & Dahles, H. (2009). Spiritual power: Ethnic Chinese managers and the rise of charismatic Christianity in Southeast Asia. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies,27(1), 5–33.
Koning, J., & Waistell, J. (2012). Identity talk of aspirational ethical leaders. Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), 65–77.
Labelle, R., Hafsi, T., Francoeur, C., & Amar, W. B. (2018). Family firms’ corporate social performance: A calculated quest for socioemotional wealth. Journal of Business Ethics,148(3), 511–525.
Lam, K. C., & Hung, B. W. (2005). Ethics, income and religion. Journal of Business Ethics,61(3), 199–214.
Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2006). Why do some family businesses out-compete? Governance, long term orientations, and sustainable capability. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,30(6), 731–746.
Longenecker, J. G., McKinney, J. A., & Moore, C. W. (2004). Religious intensity, evangelical Christianity, and business ethics: An empirical study. Journal of Business Ethics,55, 373–386.
Madison, K. M., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2013). Is the spiritual bond bound by blood? An exploratory study of spiritual leadership in family firms. Journal of Management Spirituality and Religion,10(2), 159–182.
Marquis, C., & Tilcsik, A. (2013). Imprinting: Toward a multilevel theory. The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), 195–245.
Melé, D., & Fontrodona, J. (2017). Christian ethics and spirituality in leading business organizations: Editorial introduction. Journal of Business Ethics,145(4), 671–679.
Paterson, T. A., Specht, D., & Duchon, D. (2013). Exploring costs and consequences of religious expression in family businesses. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion,10(2), 138–158.
Pettigrew, A. M. (1990). Longitudinal field research on change: Theory and practice. Organization Science,1(3), 267–292.
Phipps, K. A. (2012). Spirituality and strategic leadership: The influence of spiritual beliefs on strategic decision making. Journal of Business Ethics,106(2), 177–189.
Rashid, M. D., & Ibrahim, S. (2008). The effect of culture and religiosity on business ethics: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics,82(4), 907–917.
Redding, G. (1990). The spirit of Chinese capitalism. New York: Walter the Gruyter.
Riessman, C. K. (1993). Narrative analysis (Vol. 30). Newbury Park: Sage.
Robbins, J. (2004). The globalization of pentecostal and charismatic christianity. Annual Review of Anthropology,33, 117–143.
Schultz, M., & Hernes, T. (2013). A temporal perspective on organizational identity. Organization Science,24(1), 1–21.
Sharma, P., & Sharma, S. (2011). Drivers of proactive environmental strategy in family firms. Business Ethics Quarterly,21(02), 309–334.
Sinha, P. N., Jaskiewicz, P., & Gibb, J. (2019). Managing history: How New Zealand’s Gallagher Group used rhetorical narratives to reprioritize and modify imprinted strategic guideposts. Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3037. forthcoming.
Somers, M. (1994). The narrative constitution of identity: A relational and network approach. Theory and Society,23(5), 605–649.
Sorenson, R. L. (2013). How moral and social values become embedded in family firms. Journal of Management Spirituality and Religion,10(2), 116–137.
Suddaby, R., Foster, W. M., & Quinn Trank, C. (2010). Rhetorical history as a source of competitive advantage. In J. A. C. Baum & J. Lampel (Eds.), The globalization of strategy research (Vol. 27, pp. 147–173)., Advances in Strategic Management Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Sveningsson, S., & Alvesson, M. (2003). Managing managerial identities: Organizational fragmentation, discourse and identity struggle. Human Relations,56(10), 1163–1193.
Thornborrow, T., & Brown, A. D. (2009). Being regimented: Aspiration, discipline and identity work in the British parachute regiment. Organization Studies,30(4), 355–376.
Tracey, P. (2012). Religion and organization: A critical review of current trends and future directions. The Academy of Management Annals,6(1), 87–134.
Van Buren, H. J., III, Syed, J., & Mir, R. (2019). Religion as a macro social force affecting business: Concepts, questions, and future research. Business & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650319845097.
Van Gils, A., Dibrell, C., Neubaum, D. O., & Craig, J. B. (2014). Social issues in the family enterprise. Family Business Review,27(3), 193–205.
Van Grinsven, M., Sturdy, A., & Heusinkveld, S. (2020). Identities in translation: Management concepts as means and outcomes of identity work. Organization Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840619866490.
Vatikiotis, M. (2005). Heavens, Asia’s going Christian. Asian Times (online). Retrieved from http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Southeast_Asia/HC02Ae03.html.
Vazquez, P. (2018). Family business ethics: At the crossroads of business ethics and family business. Journal of Business Ethics,150(3), 691–709.
Visscher, K., Heusinkveld, S., & O’Mahoney, J. (2018). Bricolage and identity work. British Journal of Management,29(2), 356–372.
Watson, T. J. (2009). Narrative, life story and manager identity: A case study in autobiographical work. Human Relations,62(3), 425–452.
Weaver, G. R., & Agle, B. R. (2002). Religiosity and ethical behavior in organizations: A symbolic interactionist perspective. Academy of Management Review,27(1), 77–97.
Weidenbaum, M. (1996). The Chinese family business enterprise. California Management Review,38(4), 141–156.
Werner, A. (2008). The influence of Christian identity on SME owner-managers’ conceptualisations of business practice. Journal of Business Ethics,82, 449–462.
Winkler, I. (2018). Identity work and emotions: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews,20(1), 120–133.
Wong, H. M. (2008). Religiousness, love of money, and ethical attitudes of Malaysian evangelical Christians in business. Journal of Business Ethics,81(1), 169–191.
Ybema, S. B., Keenoy, T., Oswick, C., Beverungen, A., Ellis, N., & Sabelis, I. (2009). Articulating identities. Human Relations,62(3), 299–322.
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Yuan, W., & Wu, Z. (2018). A value perspective of family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,42(2), 283–289.
Zellweger, T. M., Nason, R. S., Nordqvist, M., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Why do family firms strive for nonfinancial goals? An organizational identity perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(2), 229–248.
Zundel, M., Holt, R., & Popp, A. (2016). Using history in the creation of organizational identity. Management & Organizational History,11, 211–235.
Acknowledgements
We thank the special issue editors and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive feedback. We are also grateful to Peter Jaskiewicz and participants of IFERA 2018 and an Asia School of Business research seminar in 2018 for useful suggestions to improve this manuscript. All errors remain our responsibility.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dieleman, M., Koning, J. Articulating Values Through Identity Work: Advancing Family Business Ethics Research. J Bus Ethics 163, 675–687 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04380-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04380-9