Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Actively Persuading Consumers to Enact Ethical Behaviors in Retailing: The Influence of Relational Benefits and Corporate Associates

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

While consumer motivation to maintain a relationship with a retailer is a function of personal idiosyncratic characteristics, specific perceptions of retailers may play a role in influencing receptivity to relationship maintenance. This study integrates relationship marketing tactics and corporate associates into a model of consumer ethical purchasing behavior that improves the relationship between sellers and buyers. Results show social benefits, special treatment benefits, CSR, and service quality have direct and indirect impact on ethically questionable consumer behaviors in retailing. This study also modifies the consumer ethics scale of Muncy and Vitell (1992) for the East Asian market with good reliability and validity in order to measure ethically questionable consumption behaviors in retailing. Finally, some theoretical contribution and practical implications are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khatib, J. A., Stanton, A. D. A., & Rawwas, M. Y. (2005). Ethical segmentation of consumers in developing countries: A comparative analysis. International Marketing Review, 22(2), 225–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Wugayan, A. A., & Rao, C. P. (2004). An empirical investigation of consumer ethics in a collectivist Arab culture: Customer-retailer relationship (CRR) approach. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 16(3), 25–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. W., Fornell, C., & Rust, R. T. (1997). Customer satisfaction, productivity, and profitability: Differences between goods and services. Marketing Science, 16(2), 129–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. G. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E., & Weitz, B. (1992). The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(1), 18–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagozzi, R. P. (1995). Reflections on relationship marketing in consumer markets. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 272–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, S. E., Mayer, M., Coleman, J. E., Reynolds, K. E., & Lee, J. (1996). Customer-sales associate retail relationships. Journal of Retailing, 72(3), 223–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bendapudi, N., & Berry, L. L. (1997). Customers’ motivations for maintaining relationships with service providers. Journal of Retailing, 73(1), 15–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berens, G., Van Riel, C. B., & Van Bruggen, G. H. (2005). Corporate associations and consumer product responses: The moderating role of corporate brand dominance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 35–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, L. L. (1995). Relationship marketing of services: Growing interest, emerging perspectives. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 236–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2003). Consumer-company identification: A framework for understanding consumers’ relationships with companies. Journal of Marketing, 67(2), 76–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, W., Kalra, A., Staelin, R., & Zeithaml, V. A. (1993). A dynamic process model of service quality: From expectations to behavioral intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 7–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, M. K., Cronin, J. J., & Brand, R. R. (2002). Performance-only measurement of service quality: A replication and extension. Journal of Business Research, 55(1), 17–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bray, J., Johns, N., & Kilburn, D. (2011). An exploratory study into the factors impeding ethical consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(4), 597–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997). The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. The Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunk, K. H. (2010). Exploring origins of ethical company/brand perceptions—A consumer perspective of corporate ethics. Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 255–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunk, K. H. (2012). Un/ethical company and brand perceptions: Conceptualising and operationalising consumer meanings. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(4), 551–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). Corporate social performance measurement: A commentary on methods for evaluating an elusive construct. Research in Corporate Social Performance and Policy Post LE (ed), 12(42), 385–401.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (2016). Carroll’s pyramid of CSR: Taking another look. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1(3), 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christy, R., Oliver, G., & Penn, J. (1996). Relationship marketing in consumer markets. Journal of Marketing Management, 12(1–3), 175–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 64–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, M. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cronin, J. J., Jr., & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension. The Journal of Marketing, 56(3), 55–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabholkar, P. A., Thorpe, D. I., & Rentz, J. O. (1995). A measure of service quality for retail stores: Scale development and validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(1), 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de los Salmones, M. D. M. G., Crespo, A. H., & del Bosque, I. R. (2005). Influence of corporate social responsibility on loyalty and valuation of services. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(4), 369–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Wulf, K., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Iacobucci, D. (2001). Investments in consumer relationships: A cross-country and cross-industry exploration. Journal of Marketing, 65, 33–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deng, X. (2012). Understanding consumer’s responses to enterprise’s ethical behaviors: An investigation in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(2), 159–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer loyalty: Toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intentions and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukukawa, K. (2002). Developing a framework for ethically questionable behavior in consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 41(1), 99–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukukawa, K., & Ennew, C. (2010). What we believe is not always what we do: An empirical investigation into ethically questionable behavior in consumption. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(1), 49–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fullerton, R. A., & Punj, G. (1993). Choosing to misbehave: A structural model of aberrant consumer behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 20(1), 570–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geyskens, I., Steenkamp, J. B. E., Scheer, L. K., & Kumar, N. (1996). The effects of trust and interdependence on relationship commitment: A trans-Atlantic study. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(4), 303–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., & Bitner, M. J. (1998). Relational benefits in services industries: The customer’s perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 101–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallowell, R. (1996). The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and profitability: An empirical study. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7(4), 27–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, H., & Li, Y. (2011). CSR and service brand: The mediating effect of brand identification and moderating effect of service quality. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(4), 673–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, V. E. (1982). The ethical side of enterprise. Sloan Management Review, 23(3), 37–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henleny, A. B., Shook, C. L., & Peterson, M. (2006). The presence of equivalent models in strategic management research using structural equation modeling: Assessing and addressing the problem. Organizational Research Methods, 9, 516–535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., & Gremler, D. D. (2002). Understanding relationship marketing outcomes: An integration of relational benefits and relationship quality. Journal of Service Research, 4(3), 230–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig-Thurau, T., & Klee, A. (1997). The impact of customer satisfaction and relationship quality on customer retention: A critical reassessment and model development. Psychology & Marketing, 14(8), 737–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. J. (1986). A general theory of marketing ethics. Journal of Macromarketing, 6(1), 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, S. D., & Vitell, S. J. (1993). The general theory of marketing ethics: A retrospective and revision. In N. C. Smith & J. A. Quelch (Eds.), Ethics in marketing (pp. 775–784). Homewood, IL: Irwin Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacey, R., & Kennett-Hensel, P. A. (2010). Longitudinal effects of corporate social responsibility on customer relationships. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(4), 581–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, D. R., Drumwright, M. E., & Braig, B. M. (2004). The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. The Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 16–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z., Zeng, F., & Su, C. (2009). Does relationship quality matter in consumer ethical decision making? Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(3), 483–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, L.-C., Huang, Y.-W., & Chang, H.-H. (2014). Confucian dynamism, the role of money and consumer ethical beliefs: An exploratory study in Taiwan. Ethics and Behavior, 24(1), 34–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, L.-C., & Lu, C.-J. (2010). Moral philosophy, materialism, and consumer ethics: An exploratory study in Indonesia. Journal of Business Ethics, 94, 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luo, X., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2006). Corporate social responsibility, customer satisfaction, and market value. The Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., & Ferrell, L. (2005). A stakeholder model for implementing social responsibility in marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 39(9/10), 956–977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). “Implicit” and “explicit” CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 33, 404–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matute-Vallejo, J., Bravo, R., & Pina, J. M. (2011). The influence of corporate social responsibility and price fairness on customer behaviour: Evidence from the financial sector. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18(6), 317–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, V. W., Balabanis, G., Schlegelmich, B. B., & Cornwell, T. B. (2009). Measuring unethical consumer behaviors across four countries. Journal of Business Ethic, 88(2), 395–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, V. W., & Ka Lun Chan, J. (2002). Investigating UK consumers’ unethical attitudes and behaviours. Journal of Marketing Management, 18(1–2), 5–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohr, L. A., Webb, D. J., & Harris, K. E. (2001). Do Consumers expect companies to be socially responsible? The impact of corporate social responsibility on buying behavior. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(1), 45–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moorman, C., Zaltman, G., & Deshpande, R. (1992). Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust. Journal of Marketing Research, 29(3), 314–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morsing, M. (2006). Corporate moral branding: Limits to aligning employees. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 11(2), 97–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muncy, J. A., & Vitell, S. J. (1992). Consumer ethics: An investigation of the ethical beliefs of the final consumer. Journal of Business Research, 24(4), 297–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychoetric theory (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odekerken-Schröder, G., De Wulf, K., & Schumacher, P. (2003). Strengthening outcomes of retailer–consumer relationships: The dual impact of relationship marketing tactics and consumer personality. Journal of Business Research, 56(3), 177–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, A., del Mar García de los Salmones, M., & del Bosque Rodríguez, I. (2013). The effect of corporate associations on consumer behavior. European Journal of Marketing, 47(1/2), 218–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pirsch, J., Gupta, S., & Grau, S. L. (2007). A framework for understanding corporate social responsibility programs as a continuum: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Ethics, 70(2), 125–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-repots in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, C. P., & Al-Wugayan, A. A. (2005). Gender and cultural differences in consumer ethics in a consumer–retailer interaction context. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 18(1–2), 45–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38, 225–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shea, L. J. (2010). Using consumer perceived ethicality as a guideline for corporate social responsibility strategy: A commentary essay. Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 263–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steenhaut, S., & Van Kenhove, P. (2005). Relationship commitment and ethical consumer behavior in a retail setting: The case of receiving too much change at the checkout. Journal of Business Ethics, 56(4), 335–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sykes, G. M., & Matza, D. (1957). Techniques of neutralization: A theory of delinquency. American Sociological Review, 22(6), 664–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela, L. M., Mulki, J. P., & Jaramillo, J. F. (2010). Impact of customer orientation, inducements and ethics on loyalty to the firm: Customers’ perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 277–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kenhove, P., De Wulf, K., & Steenhaut, S. (2003). The relationship between consumers’ unethical behavior and customer loyalty in a retail environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(4), 261–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vázquez-Carrasco, R., & Foxall, G. R. (2006). Influence of personality traits on satisfaction, perception of relational benefits, and loyalty in a personal service context. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 13(3), 205–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitell, S. J. (2003). Consumer ethics research: Review synthesis and suggestions for the future. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(1–2), 33–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitell, S. J., & Muncy, J. (1992). Consumer ethics: An empirical investigation of factors influencing ethical judgments of the final consumer. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(8), 585–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitell, S. J., & Muncy, J. (2005). The Muncy–Vitell consumer ethics scale: A modification and application. Journal of Business Ethics, 62(3), 267–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitell, S. J., Singh, J. J., & Paolillo, J. (2007). Consumers’ ethical beliefs: The roles of money, religiosity and attitude toward business. Journal of Business Ethics, 73(4), 369–379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfinbarger, M., & Gilly, M. C. (2003). eTailQ: Dimensionalizing, measuring and predicting etail quality. Journal of Retailing, 79, 183–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L., & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioral consequences of service quality. Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Long-Chuan Lu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chang, HH., Lu, LC. Actively Persuading Consumers to Enact Ethical Behaviors in Retailing: The Influence of Relational Benefits and Corporate Associates. J Bus Ethics 156, 399–416 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3595-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3595-2

Keywords

Navigation