Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Executive Succession: An Empirical Examination

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study contributes to the corporate social responsibility, stakeholder theory, and executive succession literature by examining the effect of corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR) on strategic leadership turnover. We theorize that firms’ CSiR increases the likelihood of executive turnover. We also investigate the nature of succession (non-voluntary or voluntary succession) and successor origin (internal candidate or external candidate) following CSiR. We further examine how the CSiR–CEO succession relationship is moderated by firm visibility to stakeholders and industry dynamism. Our results, based on a dataset of 248 U.S. public firms between 2001 and 2008, provide evidence that firms’ CSiR affects what is conventionally seen as primarily a market-driven decision on executive turnover, especially when firms operate in a more dynamic industry. Research contributions and implications are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agle, B. R., Mitchell, R. K., & Sonnenfeld, J. A. (1999). Who matters to CEOs? An investigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corporate performance, and CEO values. The Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 507–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguilera, R. V., Rupp, D. E., Williams, C. A., & Ganapathi, J. (2007). Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multilevel theory of social change in organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 836–863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alpert, L. (2010). BP’s spectacularly gaffe-prone chief exec Tony Hayward is finally getting his walking papers for his woeful mishandling of the colossal Gulf of Mexico oil spill http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/bp-finally-give-CEO-tony-hayward-boot-due-botched-response-gulf-oil-spill-article-1.465359. Accessed 06 Jan 2015.

  • Anderson, P., & Tushman, M. L. (2001). Organizational environments and industry exit: The effects of uncertainty, munificence and complexity. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(3), 675–711.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, R. P., & Zajac, E. J. (1987). CEO change and firm performance in large corporations: Succession effects and manager effects. Strategic Management Journal, 8(4), 305–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettis, R. A. (1983). Modern financial theory, corporate strategy and public policy: Three conundrums. Academy of Management Review, 8(3), 406–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettman, J. R., & Weitz, B. A. (1983). Attributions in the board room: Causal reasoning in corporate annual reports. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 165–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloomberg Businessweek (2008). Ousted CEOs. http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/03/0331_ousted_CEOs/5.htm. Accessed 06 Jan 2015.

  • Bromiley, P. (1991). Testing a causal model of corporate risk taking and performance. The Academy of Management Journal, 34(1), 37–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946–967.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carey, D. C., Ogden, D., & Roland, J. A. (2000). CEO succession. Oxford: Oxford University Press US.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, S.-C., & Sharfman, M. (2011). Legitimacy, visibility, and the antecedents of corporate social performance: An investigation of the instrumental perspective. Journal of Management, 37(6), 1558–1585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, J., & Wang, H. (2009). Stakeholder relations and the persistence of corporate financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30(8), 895–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, B. S., & Wang, J. (1998). Board diversity and managerial control as predictors of corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(14), 1595–1603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Ellstrand, A. E., & Johnson, J. L. (1998). Meta-analytic reviews of board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton, D. R., & Kesner, I. F. (1985). Organizational performance as an antecedent of inside/outside chief executive succession: An empirical assessment. Academy of Management Journal, 28(4), 749–762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Datta, D. K., & Guthrie, J. P. (1994). Executive succession: Organizational antecedents of CEO characteristics. Strategic Management Journal, 15(7), 569–577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deckop, J. R., Merriman, K. K., & Gupta, S. (2006). The effects of CEO pay structure on corporate social performance. Journal of Management, 32(3), 329–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deephouse, D. L. (2000). Media reputation as a strategic resource: An integration of mass communication and resource-based theories. Journal of Management, 26(6), 1091–1112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984). Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), 52–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in the organizational field. American Sociological Review, 48, 147–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T. (1999). Making stakeholder theory whole. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 237–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, S., & Hambrick, D. C. (1996). Strategic leadership: Top executives and their effect on organizations. St. Paul, MN: West.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C. J. (1996). Reputation: Realizing value from the corporate image. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun, C. J., Gardberg, N. A., & Barnett, M. L. (2000). Opportunity platforms and safety nets: Corporate citizenship and reputational risk. Business and Society Review, 105(1), 85–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, J. W., Hambrick, D. C., & Baumrin, S. (1988). A model of CEO dismissal. Academy of Management Review, 13(2), 255–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, A. (2008). Corporate governance as social responsibility: A research agenda. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 26, 452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, P. C. (2005). The relationship between corporate philanthropy and shareholder wealth: A risk management perspective. Academy of Management Review, 30(4), 777–798.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, P. C., Merrill, C. B., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The relationship between corporate social responsibility and shareholder value: An empirical test of the risk management hypothesis. Strategic Management Journal, 30(4), 425–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golub, G. H., & Van Loan, C. F. (1996). Matrix computations (pp. 374–426). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greening, D. W., & Turban, D. B. (2000). Corporate social performance as a competitive advantage in attracting a quality workforce. Business and Society, 39(3), 254–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hafsi, T., & Turgut, G. (2013). Boardroom diversity and its effect on social performance: Conceptualization and empirical evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 463–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. (1993). A framework linking intangible resources and capabilities to sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 14(8), 607–618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. The Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, T. A., & Sharfman, M. (2015). Assessing the concurrent validity of the revised Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini corporate social performance indicators. Business & Society, 54(5), 575–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, L. P., Rubin, R. S., & Dhanda, K. K. (2007). The communication of corporate social responsibility: United States and European Union multinational corporations. Journal of Business Ethics, 74(4), 373–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, A. D., Miller, D., & Hambrick, D. C. (2006). How quickly do CEOs become obsolete? Industry dynamism, CEO tenure, and company performance. Strategic Management Journal, 27(5), 447–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: What’s the bottom line? Strategic Management Journal, 22(2), 125–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A. J., Keim, G. D., & Luce, R. A. (2001). Board composition and stakeholder performance: Do stakeholder directors make a difference? Business and Society, 40(3), 295–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosmer, L. T. (1994). Strategic planning as if ethics mattered. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S2), 17–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, H. (2011). Directors’ roles in corporate social responsibility: A stakeholder perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 103(3), 385–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huson, M. R., Parrino, R., & Starks, L. T. (2001). Internal monitoring mechanisms and CEO turnover: A long-term perspective. Journal of Finance, 56(6), 2265–2297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husted, B. W. (2005). Risk management, real options, corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(2), 175–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M. C., & Ruback, R. S. (1983). The market for corporate control: The scientific evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 11(1), 5–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kant, I. (1964). Groundwork of the metaphysic of morals. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, I. F., & Dalton, D. R. (1994). Top management turnover and CEO succession: An investigation of the effects of turnover on performance. Journal of Management Studies, 31(5), 701–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kesner, I. F., & Sebora, T. C. (1994). Executive succession: Past, present & future. Journal of Management, 20(2), 327–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., Kim, H., & Lee, P. M. (2008). Ownership structure and the relationship between financial slack and R&D investments: Evidence from korean firms. Organization Science, 19(3), 404–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koh, P.-S., Qian, C., & Wang, H. (2014). Firm litigation risk and the insurance value of corporate social performance. Strategic Management Journal, 35(10), 1464–1482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolk, A., & Pinkse, J. (2010). The integration of corporate governance in corporate social responsibility disclosures. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 17(1), 15–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lan, L. L., & Heracleous, L. (2010). Rethinking agency theory: The view from law. Academy of Management Review, 35(2), 294–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larcker, D. F., & Rusticus, T. O. (2010). On the use of instrumental variables in accounting research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 49(3), 186–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lev, B., Petrovits, C., & Radhakrishnan, S. (2010). Is doing good good for you? How corporate charitable contributions enhance revenue growth. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2), 182–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manner, M. H. (2010). The impact of CEO characteristics on corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(1), 53–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matten, D., & Moon, J. (2008). “Implicit” and “explicit” CSR: A conceptual framework for a comparative understanding of corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 404–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, J. B., Dow, S., & Argheyd, K. (2003). CEO incentives and corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(4), 341–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, J. B., Sundgren, A., & Schneeweis, T. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 854–872.

    Google Scholar 

  • McWilliams, A., & Siegel, D. (2000). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Correlation or misspecification? Strategic Management Journal, 21(5), 603–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, J. (2014). Business and society: Defining the ‘social licence’. http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2014/sep/29/social-licence-operate-shell-bp-business-leaders. Accessed 30 Sep 2015.

  • Muller, A., & Kräussl, R. (2011). Doing good deeds in times of need: A strategic perspective on corporate disaster donations. Strategic Management Journal, 32(9), 911–929.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ocasio, W. (1994). Political dynamics and the circulation of power: CEO succession in U.S. Industrial corporations, 1960–1990. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 285–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ocasio, W. (1999). Institutionalized action and corporate governance: The reliance on rules of CEO succession. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 384–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orlitzky, M., & Benjamin, J. D. (2001). Corporate social performance and firm risk: A meta-analytic review. Business and Society, 40(4), 369–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Rourke, A. (2003). A new politics of engagement: Shareholder activism for corporate social responsibility. Business Strategy and the Environment, 12(4), 227–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parrino, R., Sias, R. W., & Starks, L. T. (2003). Voting with their feet: Institutional ownership changes around forced CEO turnover. Journal of Financial Economics, 68(1), 3–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource-dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, C., Rahman, N., & Rubow, E. (2011). Green governance: Boards of directors’ composition and environmental corporate social responsibility. Business and Society, 50(1), 189–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K., & Bettis, R. (1986). The dominant logic: A new linkage between diversity and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 7(6), 485–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, H. (1994). The social construction of reputation: Certification contests, legitimation, and the survival of organizations in the american automobile industry: 1895–1912. Strategic Management Journal, 15, 29–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruf, B., Muralidhar, K., & Paul, K (1993). Eight dimensions of corporate social performance: Determination of relative importance using the analytic hierarchy process. In Academy of Management proceedings.

  • Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997). A resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. The Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 534–559.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharfman, M. (1996). The construct validity of the Kinder, Lydenberg & Domini social performance ratings data. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(3), 287–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, W., & Cannella, A. A. (2002). Power dynamics within top management and their impacts on CEO dismissal followed by inside succession. The Academy of Management Journal, 45(6), 1195–1206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J. V., Tucker, D. J., & House, R. J. (1986). Organizational legitimacy and the liability of newness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31(2), 171–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, D. J., & Dixon-Fowler, H. R. (2009). CEO international assignment experience and corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(3), 473–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strike, V. M., Gao, J., & Bansal, P. (2006). Being good while being bad: Social responsibility and the international diversification of US firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 850–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tang, Y., Qian, C., Chen, G., & Shen, R. (2015). How CEO hubris affects corporate social (ir)responsibility. Strategic Management Journal, 36(9), 1338–1357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Virany, B., Tushman, M. L., & Romanelli, E. (1992). Executive succession and organization outcomes in turbulent environments: An organization learning approach. Organization Science, 3(1), 72–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance-financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., Choi, J., & Li, J. (2008). Too little or too much? Untangling the relationship between corporate philanthropy and firm financial performance. Organization Science, 19(1), 143–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H., & Qian, C. L. (2011). Corporate philanthropy and corporate financial performance: The roles of stakeholder response and political access. Academy of Management Journal, 54(6), 1159–1181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westphal, J. D. (1999). Collaboration in the boardroom: Behavioral and performance consequences of CEO-board social ties. Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 7–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiersema, M. F. (1995). Executive succession as an antecedent to corporate restructuring. Human Resource Management, 34(1), 185–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. J., & Barrett, J. D. (2000). Corporate philanthropy, criminal activity, and firm reputation: Is there a link? Journal of Business Ethics, 26(4), 341–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. The Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691–718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zald, M. N. (Ed.). (1970). Political economy: A framework for comparative analysis. (Power in organizations). Nashville, Tenn. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y. (2008). Information asymmetry and the dismissal of newly appointed CEOs: An empirical investigation. Strategic Management Journal, 29(8), 859–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., & Rajagopalan, N. (2003). Explaining new CEO origin: Firm versus industry antecedents. Academy of Management Journal, 46(3), 327–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., & Rajagopalan, N. (2004). When the known devil is better than an unknown god: An empirical study of the antecedents and consequences of relay CEO successions. Academy of Management Journal, 47(4), 483–500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Y., & Rajagopalan, N. (2010). Once an outsider, always an outsider? CEO origin, strategic change, and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 31(3), 334–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shih-Chi Chiu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chiu, SC., Sharfman, M. Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Executive Succession: An Empirical Examination. J Bus Ethics 149, 707–723 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3089-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3089-7

Keywords

Navigation