Abstract
This field study investigated the relationship between strategic human resource management, internal environmental concern, organizational citizenship behavior for the environment, and environmental performance. The originality of the present research was to link human resource management and environmental management in the Chinese context. Data consisted of 151 matched questionnaires from top management team members, chief executive officers, and frontline workers. The main results indicate that organizational citizenship behavior for the environment fully mediates the relationship between strategic human resource management and environmental performance, and that internal environmental concern moderates the effect of strategic human resource management on organizational citizenship behavior for the environment.
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Appendix: TMT member, CEO, and frontline worker questionnaires
Appendix: TMT member, CEO, and frontline worker questionnaires
TMT member questionnaire | |
SHRM | Please indicate to what extent your firm has adopted the following practices. (1 = “very low extent” to 5 = “very high extent”) |
SHRM1: Our firm identify managerial characteristics necessary to run the firm in the long term | |
SHRM2: Our firm modify the compensation system to encourage managers to achieve long term strategic objectives | |
SHRM3: Our firm design staffing patterns to help implement business or corporate strategies | |
SHRM4: Our firm evaluate key personnel based on their potential for carrying out strategic goals | |
SHRM5: Our firm conduct job analysis based on what the job may entail in the future | |
SHRM6: Our firm conduct staff development programs designed to support strategic changes | |
SHRM7: HRM department is able to deliver HR related information for business strategic decisions | |
SHRM8: There is HR planning in our business, with clear, formal procedure | |
SHRM9: There is formal HR strategy in our business | |
Internal environmental orientation | Please indicate to what extent you agree/disagree the following statements. (1 = “strongly disagree” to 5 = “strongly agree”) |
IEO1: At our firm, we make a concerted effort to let every employee understand the importance of environmental preservation. | |
IEO2: Our firm has a clear policy statement urging environmental awareness in every area of operation. | |
IEO3: Environmental preservation is highly valued by our firm members. | |
IEO4: Preserving the environment is a central corporate value in our firm. | |
CEO questionnaire | |
Environmental performance | Please indicate to what extent you agree/disagree the following statements. (1 = “strongly disagree” to 5 = “strongly agree”) |
EP1: Our firm reduced wastes and emissions from operations. | |
EP2: Our firm reduced the environmental impacts of its products/service. | |
EP3: Our firm reduced environmental impact by establishing partnerships. | |
EP4: Our firm reduced the risk of environmental accidents, spills, and releases. | |
EP5: Our firm reduced purchases of non-renewable materials, chemicals, and components. | |
Frontline worker questionnaire | |
OCBE | Please indicate to what extent you agree/disagree the following statements. (1 = “strongly disagree” to 5 = “strongly agree”) |
OCBE1: In my work, I weigh my actions before doing something that could affect the environment. | |
OCBE2: I voluntarily carry out environmental actions and initiatives in my daily activities at work. | |
OCBE3: I make suggestions to my colleagues about ways to more effectively protect the environment, even when it is not my direct responsibility. | |
OCBE4: I actively participate in environmental events organized in and/or by my company. | |
OCBE5: I stay informed about my company‘s environmental initiatives. | |
OCBE6: I undertake environmental actions that contribute positively to my organization‘s image. | |
OCBE7: I volunteer for projects, endeavors or events that address environmental issues in my organization. | |
OCBE8: I spontaneously give my time to help my colleagues take the environment into account in everything they do at work. | |
OCBE9: I encourage my colleagues to adopt more environmentally conscious behavior. | |
OCBE10: I encourage my colleagues to express their ideas and opinions on environmental issues. |
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Paillé, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. et al. The Impact of Human Resource Management on Environmental Performance: An Employee-Level Study. J Bus Ethics 121, 451–466 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1732-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1732-0