Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Measuring CSR Image: Three Studies to Develop and to Validate a Reliable Measurement Tool

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although research on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimension of corporate image has notably increased in recent years, the definition and measurement of the concept for academic purposes still concern researchers. In this article, literature regarding the measurement of CSR image from a customer viewpoint is revised and areas of improvement are identified. A multistage method is implemented to develop and to validate a reliable scale based on stakeholder theory. Results demonstrate the reliability and validity of this new scale for measuring customer perceptions regarding the CSR performance of their service providers. With regard to this, CSR includes corporate responsibilities towards customers, shareholders, employees and society. The scale is consistent among diverse customer cohorts with different gender, age and level of education. Furthermore, results also confirm the applicability of this new scale to structural equation modelling.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. CSR2, CSR3, CSR6, CSR7, CSR8, CSR11, CSR12, CSR13, CSR14, CSR15, CSR16, CSR17, CSR18, CSR19, CSR20.

References

  • Anderson, W. T., & Cunningham, W. (1972). Socially conscious consumer. Journal of Marketing, 36(3), 23–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arlow, P. (1991). Personal characteristics in college students’ evaluations of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(1), 63–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 446–463.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balmer, J. M. T., & Greyser, S. A. (2006). Corporate marketing: Integrating corporate identity, corporate branding, corporate communications, corporate image and corporate reputation. European Journal of Marketing, 40(7/8), 730–741.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbarossa, C., Miceli, G., & de Pelsmacker, P. (2012). Measuring eco-friendly consumption motivation: Development and validation of an efficient measurement scale. In 41st EMAC conference, 22–25 May, Lisbon.

  • Bergami, M., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2000). Self-categorization, affective commitment and group self-esteem as distinct aspects of social identity in the organization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 555–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barone, M. J., Miyazaki, A. D., & Taylor, K. A. (2000). The influence of cause-related marketing on consumer choice: Does one good turn deserve another? Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 248–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, C. B., Korschun, D., & Sen, S. (2009). Strengthening stakeholder-company relationships through mutually beneficial corporate social responsibility initiatives. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 257–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigné, E., & Currás, R. (2008). Does corporate social responsibility image influence on purchase intent? The role of consumer–company identification. Universia Business Review, 19, 10–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bigné, E., Andreu, L., Chumpitaz, R., & Swaen, V. (2005). Percepción de la responsabilidad social corporativa: Un análisis cross-cultural. Universia Business Review, first quarter, pp 14–27.

  • Bigné, E., Currás, R., Ruiz, C., & Sanz, S. (2010). Consumer behavioural intentions in cause-related marketing. The role of identification and social cause involvement. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 7, 127–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boal, K. B., & Peery, N. (1985). The cognitive structure of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Management, 11(3), 71–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkowski, S. C., & Ugras, Y. J. (1992). The ethical attitudes of students as a function of age, sex and experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(12), 961–979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravo, R., Matute, J., & Pina, J. (2012). Corporate social responsibility as a vehicle to reveal the corporate identity: A study focused on the websites of Spanish financial entities. Journal of Business Ethics. http://www.springerlink.com/content/4312187g5v33k783/.

  • Brown, T. J., & Dacin, P. A. (1997). The company and the product: Corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, L., & Logsdon, J. M. (1996). How corporate social responsibility pays off. Long Range Planning, 29, 492–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, C., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2003). A critical review of construct indicators and measurement model misspecification in marketing and consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 30(2), 199–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, B. K., & Hegarty, W. H. (1999). Some determinants of student corporate social responsibility orientation. Business and Society, 38(2), 188–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 946–967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrigan, M., & Attalla, A. (2001). The myth of the ethical consumer—do ethics matter in purchase behaviour? The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(7), 560–577.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. The Academy of Management Review, 184, 497–505.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, A. B. (1991). Corporate social performance measurement: A comment on methods for evaluating an elusive construct. In Post, L. E. (Eds.), Research in Corporate Social Perfomance and Policy. Emerald

  • Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business and Society, 38(3), 268–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • CECA. (2008). Libro verde de la responsabilidad social corporativa en el sector financiero. Conferencia Española de Cajas de Ahorro

  • Cho, J., & Hu, H. (2009). The effect of service quality on trust and commitment varying across generations. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(4), 468–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creyer, E. H., & Ross, W. T, Jr. (1996). The impact of corporate behaviour on perceived product value. Markeitng Letters, 7(2), 173–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currás, R., Bigné, E., & Alvarado, A. (2009). The role of self-definitional principles in consumer identification with a socially responsible company. Journal of Business Ethics, 89, 547–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darley, W. K., & Smith, R. E. (1995). Gender differences in information processing strategies. Journal of Advertising, 24(1), 41–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: An analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • David, P., Kline, S., & Dai, Y. (2005). Corporate social responsibility practices, corporate identity, and purchase intention: A dual-process model. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17(3), 291–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decker, O. S. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and structural change in financial services. Managerial Auditing Journal, 19(6), 712–728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deegan, C. (2000). Financial accounting theory. Roseville, NSW: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, T., Kalof, L., & Stern, P. C. (2002). Gender, values, and environmentalism. Social Science Quarterly, 83(1), 353–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1994). Toward a unified conception of business ethics: Integrative social contracts theory. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 19(2), 252–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence and implications. The Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 65–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driver, M. (2006). Beyond the stalemate of economics versus ethics: Corporate social responsibility and the discourse of the organizational self. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(4), 337–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drumwright, M. E. (1994). Socially responsible organizational buying: Environmental concern as a noneconomic buying criterion. Journal of Marketing, 58, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2007). Convergence of interests—cultivating consumer trust through corporate social initiatives. Advances in Consumer Research, 34(6), 687.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunfee, T. W. N., Smith, C., & Ross, W. T, Jr. (1999). Social contracts and marketing ethics. Journal of Marketing, 63, 14–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eells, R., & Walton, C. (1974). Conceptual foundations of business (3rd ed.). Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, M. R., & Grier, S. (2003). When is honesty the best policy? The effect of stated company intent on consumer skepticism. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 349–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Boston: Pittman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukukawa, K., Balmer, J. M. T., & Gray, E. R. (2007). Mapping the interface between corporate identity, ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(1), 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gable, M., & Topol, M. T. (1988). Machiavellianism and the department store executive. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 68–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • García de los Salmones, M. M., Herrero, A., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2005). Influence of corporate social responsibility on loyalty and valuation of services. Journal of Business Ethics, 61, 369–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • García de los Salmones, M. M., Pérez, A., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2009). The social role of financial companies as a determinant of consumer behaviour. The International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(6), 467–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garriga, E., & Melé, D. (2004). Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53(1–2), 51–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goirigolzarri, J. I. (2006). La responsabilidad social en el sector financiero: el BBVA. Working paper, Fundación Carolina.

  • Gupta, S., & Pirsch, J. (2008). The influence of a retailer’s corporate social responsibility program on re-conceptualizing store image. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15, 516–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handelman, J. M., & Arnold, S. J. (1999). The role of marketing actions with a social dimension: Appeals to the institutional environment. Journal of Marketing, 63(3), 33–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, L. C., & Goode, M. M. H. (2004). The four levels of loyalty and the pivotal role of trust: A study of online service dynamics. Journal of Retailing, 80(2), 139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemingway, C. A., & Maclagan, P. W. (2004). Managers’ personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(1), 33–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Homburg, C., Wieseke, J., & Hoyer, W. (2009). Social identity and the service–profit chain. Journal of Marketing, 73(2), 38–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamrozy, U. (2007). Marketing of tourism: a paradigm shift toward sustainability. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1(2), 117–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. M. (1995). Instrumental stakeholder theory: A synthesis of ethics and economics. The Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 404–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyner, B. E., & Payne, D. (2002). Evolution and implementation: A study of values, business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 41(4), 297–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, S. W., Donnelly, J. H, Jr, & Skinner, S. J. (1990). Customer participation in service production and delivery. Journal of Retailing, 66(3), 315–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. W., & Choi, C. J. (2007). Habits, self-control and social conventions: The role of global media and corporations. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(2), 147–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S., & Park, H. (2011). Corporate social responsibility as an organizational attractiveness for prospective public relations practitioners. Journal of Business Ethics, 103, 639–653.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J., & Dawar, N. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and consumers’ attributions and brand evaluations in a product-harm crisis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21, 203–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai, C. S., Chiu, C. J., Yang, C. F., & Pai, D. C. (2010). The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(3), 457–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenstein, D., Drumwright, M., & Braig, B. (2004). The effect of corporate social responsibility on customer donations to corporate-supported nonprofits. Journal of Marketing, 68, 16–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C., Chen, S., Chiu, C., & Lee, W. (2011). Understanding purchase intention during product-harm crises: Moderating effects of perceived corporate ability and corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 102, 455–471.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maignan, I. (2001). Consumers’ perceptions of corporate social responsibilities: A cross-cultural comparison. Journal of Business Ethics, 30, 57–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2001). Antecedents and benefits of corporate citizenship: An investigation of French businesses. Journal of Business Research, 51(1), 37–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maignan, I., & Ferrell, O. C. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and marketing: An integrative framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32, 3–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maignan, I., Ferrell, O. C., & Hult, G. T. (1999). Corporate citizenship: Cultural antecedents and business benefits. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 455–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandell, L., Lachman, R., & Orgler, Y. (1981). Interpreting the image of banking. Journal of Bank Research, Summer, 96–104.

  • Marín, L., & Ruiz, S. (2007). I need you too! Corporate identity attractiveness for consumers and the role of social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 71, 245–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martínez, P., Pérez, A., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. Measuring corporate social responsibility in tourism: Development and validation of an efficient measurement scale in the hospitality industry. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing (in press).

  • Matute, J., Bravo, R., & Pina, J. M. (2010). The influence of corporate social responsibility and price fairness on customer behaviour: Evidence from the financial sector. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18(6), 317–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Menon, A., & Menon, A. (1997). Enviropreneurial marketing strategy: The emergence of corporate environmentalism as market strategy. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 51–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, J. J. (2003). Corporate social responsibility and its importance to consumers. Doctoral Thesis. Claremont Graduate University.

  • Meyers-Levy, J. (1989). The influence of a brand name’s association set size and word frequency on brand memory. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(2), 197–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, M. G., & Venkatesh, V. (2000). Age differences in technology adoption decisions: Implications for a changing work force. Personnel Psychology, 53(2), 375–403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, K. B., & Montanari, J. R. (1986). Strategic management of the socially responsible firm: Integrating management and marketing theory. The Academy of Management Review, 11(4), 815–827.

    Google Scholar 

  • Netemeyer, R. G., Johnston, M. W., & Burton, S. (1990). Analysis of role conflict and role ambiguity in a structural equations framework. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(2), 148–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R. L. (1997). Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orlitzky, M., Schmidt, F. L., & Rynes, S. L. (2003). Corporate social and financial performance: A meta-analysis. Organization Studies, 24(3), 403–441.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panapanaan, V. M., Linnanen, L., Karvonen, M., & Phan, V. T. (2003). Roadmapping corporate social responsibility in Finnish companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2/3), 133–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panwar, R., Rinne, T., Hansen, E., & Juslin, H. (2006). Corporate responsibility: Balancing economic, environmental, and social issues in the forest products industry. Forest Products Journal, 56(2), 4–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peloza, J., & Shang, J. (2011). How can corporate social responsibility activities create value for stakeholders? A systematic review. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 39, 117–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, A., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2012a). The role of CSR in the corporate identity of banking service providers. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1067-7.

  • Pérez, A., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2012b). Corporate social responsibility image in a financial crisis context: The case of the Spanish financial industry. Universia Business Review, 33((first quarter)), 14–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, A., García de los Salmones, M. M., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2013). The effect of corporate associations on consumer behaviour. European Journal of Marketing 47(1/2).

  • Podnar, K., & Golob, U. (2007). CSR expectations: The focus of corporate marketing. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12(4), 326–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poolthong, Y., & Mandhachitara, R. (2009). Customer expectations of CSR, perceived service quality and brand effect in Thai retail banking. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 27(6), 408–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quazi, A. M. (2003). Identifying the determinants of corporate managers perceived social obligations. Management Decision, 41(9), 822–831.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, J. A. (1995). Profiling levels of socially responsible consumer behavior: A cluster analytic approach and its implications for marketing. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 3(4), 97–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, J. A. (1996). Will the real socially responsible consumer please step forward? Business Horizons, 39(1), 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz, M., de los Ríos, A., & Tirado, P. (2009). La responsabilidad social y la crisis económica. ¿Responden las entidades financieras españolas a los grupos de interés? CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 65, 33–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarro, M. M., Cuesta, P., & Penelas, A. (2007). La responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC): Una orientación emergente en la gestión de las entidades bancarias españolas. In J. C. Ayala (Ed.), Conocimiento, Innovación y emprendedores: Camino al futuro. Argentina: Universidad de La Rioja.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M. S., & Carroll, A. B. (2003). Corporate social responsibility: A three-domain approach. Business Ethics Quarterly, 13(4), 503–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Selvi, Y., Wagner, E., & Turiel, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in the time of financial crisis: Evidence from Turkey. Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, 12(1), 281–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. B. (2001). Does doing good always lead to doing better? Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 225–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Server, R. J., & Capó, J. (2009). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en un contexto de crisis. Repercusión en las Sociedades Cooperativas. CIRIEC-España, Revista de Economía Pública, Social y Cooperativa, 65, 7–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, J., García de los Salmones, M. M., & Rodríguez del Bosque, I. (2008). Understanding corporate social responsibility and product perceptions in consumer markets: A cross-cultural evaluation. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(3), 597–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobczak, A., Debucquet, G., & Havard, C. (2006). The impact of higher education on students’ and young managers’ perception of companies and CSR: An exploratory analysis. Corporate Governance, 6(4), 463–474.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soto, M. (2006). La responsabilidad social en el sector financiero: el Grupo SCH. Working paper, Fundación Carolina.

  • Stanaland, A. J., Lwin, M. O., & Murphy, P. E. (2011). Consumer perceptions of the antecedents and consequences of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(1), 47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steenkamp, J., & Van Trijp, H. (1991). The use of LISREL in validating marketing constructs. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 8, 283–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, D. L. (1995). Addressing a theoretical problem by reorienting the corporate social performance model. The Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 43–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian, Z., Wang, R., & Yang, W. (2011). Consumer responses to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 101(2), 197–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: How do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism. Sustainable Development, 17, 220–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres, A., Bijmolt, T. H. A., Tribó, J. A., & Verhoef, P. (2012). Generating global brand equity through corporate social responsibility to key stakeholders. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29, 13–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truscott, R. A., Bartlett, J. L., & Tywoniak, S. A. (2009). The reputation of the corporate social responsibility industry in Australia. Australasian Marketing Journal, 17(2), 84–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turker, D. (2009). Measuring corporate social responsibility: A scale development study. Journal of Business Research, 85, 411–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • UN World Commission on Environment and Development (1987). Report of the 96th plenary meeting of the World Commission on Environment and Development, 11th December. URL:http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/42/ares42-187.htm.

  • Varadarajan, P. R., & Menon, A. (1988). Cause-related marketing: A coalignment of marketing strategy and corporate philanthropy. Journal of Marketing, 52(3), 58–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Herpen, E., Pennings, J., & Meulenberg, M. (2003). Consumers’ evaluations of socially responsible activities in retailing. Wageningen University Marketing and Consumer Behaviour Group.

  • van Marrewijk, M. (2003). Concepts and definitions of CSR and corporate sustainability: Between agency and communion. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2–3), 95–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voss, C., Tsikriktsis, N., & Frohlich, M. (2002). Case research in operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22(2), 195–219.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wartick, S. L., & Cochran, P. L. (1985). The evolution of the corporate social performance model. Academy of Management Review, 10, 758–769.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. The Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691–718.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Área de Comercialización e Investigación de Mercados, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

    Andrea Pérez & Ignacio Rodríguez del Bosque

Authors
  1. Andrea Pérez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ignacio Rodríguez del Bosque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andrea Pérez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pérez, A., Rodríguez del Bosque, I. Measuring CSR Image: Three Studies to Develop and to Validate a Reliable Measurement Tool. J Bus Ethics 118, 265–286 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1588-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1588-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation