Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Giving Voice in a Culture of Silence. From a Culture of Compliance to a Culture of Integrity

  • Published:
Journal of Business Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article argues that attempting to overcome moral silence in organizations will require management to move beyond a compliance-oriented organizational culture toward a culture based on integrity. Such cultural change is part of good corporate governance that aims to steer an organization to enhance creativity and moral excellence, and thus organizational value. Governance mechanisms can be either formal or informal. Formal codes and other internal formal regulations that emphasize compliance are necessary, although informal mechanisms that are based on relationship-building are more likely to achieve moral excellence. Such a shift can be viewed as a transformative strategy for overcoming the destructive side effects and business risks of the tendency within corporate cultures to remain mute when faced with issues that violate personal or corporate values. Genuine dialogues and appropriate ethical decision-making training can deepen the understanding and create a mindful awareness (of ethical values) and induce trust that embrace both complying with rules and regulations, as well as inciting creative “ethical innovation” with respect to human interaction in multinational companies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler, N. & F. Bird, (1988), International Dimensions of Executive Integrity: Who is Responsible for the World?’, in Srivastva, Suresh (Ed), Executive Integrity. The Search for High Human Values in Organizational Life, San Francisco; London, Jossey-Bass Publications, pp.243-267

    Google Scholar 

  • Arjoon S., (2005), “Corporate governance: An ethical perspective”, Journal of Business Ethics, 61: 343-352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Badaracco, J.L. Jr., (1997), Defining Moments. When managers must choose between right and right, Boston, Harvard University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Badaracco, J. L. Jr., (2002), Leading quietly. An unorthodox guide to Doing the Right Thing, Boston MA, Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Badaracco, J. L.Jr., (2003a), “We Don’t Need Another Hero”, Harvard Business Review on Corporate Ethics, Boston, HBS Publishing, pp.1-18

    Google Scholar 

  • Badaracco, J. L. Jr., (2003b), “The Discipline of Building Character”, Harvard Business Review on Corporate Ethics, Boston, HBS Publishing, pp.139-164

    Google Scholar 

  • Bainbridge, S.M., (2008), The New Corporate Governance in Theory and Practice, Oxford, Oxford University Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Banks, Erik, (2004), Corporate Governance. Financial Responsibility, Controls and Ethics, Hampshire, Palgrave MacMillan

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartos, S., (2006), “Against the Grain: The AWB Scandal and Why it Happened”, Sydney, UNSW Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, T. E., (1998), “Integrity in organizations: beyond honesty and conscientiousness”, The Academy of Management Review, Vol.23,no.1, pp.154-161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamin, M., (1990), Splitting the Difference. Compromise and integrity in Ethics and Politics, Kansas, University Press of Kansas

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennis W (1989) On becoming a Leader. Reading MA, Addison-Wesley

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W.; Goleman, D. & J. O’Toole, (2008), Transparency. How Leaders Create a Culture of Candor, San Fransisco, Jossey-Bass

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, F.B., (1996), The Muted Conscience. Moral Silence and the Practice of Ethics in Business, London, Quorum Books

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, F.B. & J.A. Walters, (1989), “Moral muteness”, Californian Management Review, Fall, pp.73-88

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, F.B.; Westley, F. & J.A. Walters, (1989), “The Use of Moral Talk: Why do Managers Talk Ethics?”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 4: 75-89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonini, S., J. Greeney and L. Mendonca: 2007, ‘Assessing the impact of societal issues: A McKinsey Global Survey’, The McKinsey Quarterly

  • Bradley, M., C. Schipani, A. Sundaram and J. Walsh: 2000, ‘The Purposes and Accountability of the Corporation in Contemporary Society: Corporate Governance at the Crossroads’, Law & Contemporary Problems 62(3)

  • Buchholz R.A. & S.B. Rosenthal, (2005), “The spirit of entrepreneurship and the qualities of moral decision making: A unifying framework”, Journal of Business Ethics, 60: 307-315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buck T. & Shahrim A., (2005), “The translation of corporate governance changes across national cultures: the case of Germany”, Journal of International Business Studies, 36(1): 42-61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, C. & R. Karri, (2005), “Organizational Governance and Ethical Systems: A Covenantal Approach to Building Trust”, Journal of Business Ethics, 58: 249-259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calhoun, C., (1995), “Standing for Something”, The Journal of Philosophy, Vol XCII, no5, pp.235-260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, S., (1996), Integrity, New York, HarperCollins Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  • Charan, R., (2005), Boards That Deliver. Advantages Corporate Governance from Compliance to Competitive Advantage, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass

    Google Scholar 

  • Charan, R., (2009), Owning Up. The 14 Questions Every Board Member Needs to Ask, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass

    Google Scholar 

  • Claessens, Stijn; Djankov, S. & L.H.P. Lang, (2000), “The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian corporations”, Journal of Financial Economics, 58: 81-112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, T., (2007), International Corporate Governance, London, Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Cloud, H., (2006), Integrity. The courage to meet the demands of reality, New York, Collins

    Google Scholar 

  • Comte-Sponville, A., (2004), Le Capitalisme est-il moral? Paris, Livre de Poche

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornelius, P.K. & B. Kogut, (2003), Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy, New York, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox, D.; La Caze, M. & M. Levine, (2003), Integrity and the fragile self, Hants, Ashgate

    Google Scholar 

  • Crist, W.D., (2003), “Corporate Governance, Public Policy, and Private Investment Decisions” in Cornelius, P.K. & B. Kogut, Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy, New York, Oxford University Press, pp.383-400

    Google Scholar 

  • De George, R.T., (1993), Competing with integrity in international business, New York; Oxford, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Dimma, W., (2002), Excellence in the Boardroom. Best Practices in Corporate Directorship, Ontario, Wiley & Sons Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Donaldson, J., (1989), Key Issues in Business Ethics, San Diego, Academic Press Inc

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenhardt K.M., (1989), “Agency theory: An assessment and review”, Academy of Management Review, 14(1): 57-74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstat, R. A., M. Beer, N. Foote, T. Fredberg and F. Norrgren: 2008, ‘The Uncompromising Leader. Leaders of High-Commitment, High-Performance Organizations Refuse to Choose Between People and Profits’, Harvard Business Review, July–August, pp. 51–57.

  • Elkington, J. & P. Hartigan, (2008), The Power of Unreasonable People. How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets That Change the World, Cambridge MA, Harvard Business Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, J., (2003), “The Blended Value Proposition: Integrating Social and Financial Returns”, California Management Review, Vol.45, No.4: 35-51

    Google Scholar 

  • Esty, D.C. & A.S. Winston, (2009), Green to Gold. How smart companies use environmental strategy to innovate, creative value, and build competitive advantage, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Fama, E. & M. Jensen, (1983), “Separation of ownership and control”, Journal of Law and Economics, 26: 310-325

    Google Scholar 

  • Fombrun C, Foss C (2004) “Business Ethics: Corporate Responses to Scandal”. Corporate Reputation Review 7(3):284-288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, R., (1990), “A Theory of Moral Sentiments”, in Mansbridge, J. (Ed), Beyond Self-interest, Chicago, Chicago Univ Press, pp71-96

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, R., (2004), What price the moral ground. Ethical Dilemmas in Competitive Environments, Princeton; Oxford, Princeton University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, R.E., (1984), “The Politics of Stakeholder Theory: Some Future Directions”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.4: 409-422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, M.: 1970, ‘The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits’, New York Times Magazine, September 13, 32–33, 122, 126.

  • Fuchs, D., (2007), Business Power in Global Governance, London, Rienner Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellerman, W.; Frankel, M.S. & R. F. Ladenson (Eds), 1990, Values and Ethics in Organizations and Human Systems Development, San Fransisco, Jossey-Bass Publishers

    Google Scholar 

  • George, B. & P. Sims, (2007), True North. Discover your Authentic Leadership, San Francisco, John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerhart, B., (2008), “How much does national culture constrain organizational culture”, Management and Organization Review, Vol.5(2): 241-259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gert, B., (1998), Morality. Its Nature and Justification, New York; Oxford, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Getz, I.: 2009, ‘Liberating Leadership: How the Initiative-Freeing Radical Organizational Form has been Successfully Adapted’, California Management Review 51(4).

  • Goodpaster, K.E., (2000), “Conscience and its Counterfeits in organizational life: a new interpretation of the Naturalistic Fallacy”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Volume 10, Issue 1, pp.189-201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodpaster K (2007) Conscience and Corporate Culture. Oxford, Blackwell

    Google Scholar 

  • Grandori, A. (Ed), (2004), Corporate Governance and Firm Organization, Oxford, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, Scott, (2005), Sarbanes-Oxley and the Board of Directors. Techniques and Best Practices for Corporate Governance, New Jersey, Willey & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J., (1984), The Theory of Communicative Action. Volume 1: Reason and the Rationalization of Society, Boston, Beacon Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J., (1987), The Theory of Communicative Action. Volume 2: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, Boston, Beacon Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J.: 1998, The Inclusion of the Other. Studies in Political Theory, [1996, Die Einbeziehung des anderen. Studien zur politischen Theorie] (The MIT Press, Boston, MA).

  • Habermas, J.: 2005, Truth and Justification, [1999, Wahrheit und Rechtfertigung] (The MIT Press, Boston, MA).

  • Hart, S. L.: 1997, ‘Beyond Greening: Strategies for a Sustainable World’, Harvard Business Review, Jan–Feb, 66–76.

  • Hart, S., (2007), Capitalism at the Crossroads. Aligning Business, Earth, and Humanity, New Jersey, Wharton School Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S.L. & M.B. Milstein, (1999), “Global Sustainability and the Creative Destruction of Industries”, MIT Sloan of Management Review, Fall, pp.23-33

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, S.L. & M.B. Milstein, (2003), “Creating Sustainable Value”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol.17 (2): 56-67

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, D.W. & J. A. Thompson, (2007), “Untangling employee loyalty: a psychological contract perspective”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.17 (2): 297-323

    Google Scholar 

  • Heineman, B. W. Jr.: 2007, ‘Avoiding Integrity Landmines’, Harvard Business Review, April, 107.

  • Hess, David, (2007), “Social Reporting and New Governance Regulation: the Prospects of Achieving Corporate Accountability through Transparency”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.17 (3): 453-476

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A.J.; Cannella, A.A. & R.L. Paetzold, (2000), “The Resource-Dependence Role of Corporate Directors: Strategic Adaptation of Board Composition in Response to Environmental Change”. Journal for Management Studies. March, 37(2): 235-255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, A. J. & T. Dalziel, (2003), “Board of Directors and Firm Performance: Integrating Agency and Resource Dependence Perspectives”. Academy of Management Review. 28 (3): 383-396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, H., P. Verhezen and M. Tan: 2009, ‘Foreign Strategic Investors and Governance in China’, under peer review for JBE.

  • Huse, M., (2005), “Corporate Governance: Understanding Important Contingencies”, Corporate Ownership & Control, Vol. 2(4): 41-50

    Google Scholar 

  • Huse, M., (2007), Boards, Governance and Value Creation, Cambridge; New York, Cambridge University Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, I. A. & J. Nelson, (2004), Profits with Principles. Seven Strategies for Delivering Value with Values, New York; London, Currency Doubleday

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M. and W. H. Meckling: 1976, ‘Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure’, Journal of Financial Economics, and reprinted in 2004, in Th. Clarke (ed.), Theories of Corporate Governance. The Philosophical Foundations of Corporate Governance (Routledge, London), pp. 58–63.

  • Jensen, M., (1986), “Agency cost of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers”, American Economic Review, 76: 323-329

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, M., (2002), “Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory, and the Corporate Objective Function”, Business Ethics Quarterly, 12(2): 235-256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahler, M. & D.A. Lake (Eds), (2003), Governance in a Global Economy. Political Authority in Transition, New Jersey; Oxford, Princeton University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaptein, M. and M. Schwartz: 2008, ‘The effectiveness of Business Codes: a Critical Examination of Existing Studies and the Development of an Integrated Research Model’, Journal of Business Ethics 77(2).

  • Kaptein, M.; Huberts, L.; Avelino, S. & K. Lasthuizen, 2005, “Demonstrating Ethical Leadership by Measuring Ethics. A Survey of US Public Servants”, Public Integrity, Fall, Vol.7 (4): 299-311

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaptein, M. & J. Wempe, (2002), The Balanced Company. A Theory of Corporate Integrity, Oxford, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy-Glans, D. & B. Schulz, (2005), Corporate integrity. A Toolkit for managing beyond compliance, Ontario, John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Koehn, D.: 2005, ‘Integrity as a business asset’, Journal of Business Ethics 125–136.

  • Kofman, F., (2006), Conscious Business. How to Build Value through Values, Boulder, Sounds True Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman, J., G.Yago, (2007), Global Edge. Using the Opacity Index to manage the risks of Cross-border Business, Boston MA, Harvard Business School Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurtzman, J.; Yago, G. & T. Phumiwasana, (2004), “The Global Cost of Opacity”, MIT Sloan Management Review, Fall:38–44

    Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., F. Lopez-De-Silanes, et al., (1999), “Corporate Ownership Around the World”, The Journal of Finance, Vol.54 (2): 471-517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., F. Lopez-De-Silanes, et al., (2000), “Investor protection and corporate governance”, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 58: 3-27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lennick, D. & F. Kiel, (2005), Moral intelligence. Enhancing Business Performance & Leadership Success, New Jersey, Wharton School Publishing, pp.26-35

    Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, H., (1988), “To Thine Own Self Be True: Coping with the Dilemma of Integrity”, in Srivastva, S. (Ed), Executive Integrity. The Search for High Human Values in Organizational Life, San Francisco; London, Jossey-Bass Publications, pp.268-289

    Google Scholar 

  • Li J.S., (2003), “Relation-based v. rules based governance: An explanation of the East Asian miracle & Asian crisis”, Revenue of International Economics, (11)4: 651-662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, P.P. (2008), “Toward a Geocentric Framework of Trust: an Application to Organizational Trust”, Management and Organization Review, Vol. 4(3): 413-439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorsch, J. W. and R. C. Clark: 2008, ‘Leading from the Boardroom’, Harvard Business Review, April, 104–111

  • Low C.K., (2004), “A road map for corporate governance in East Asia”, Northwestern Journal of Int. Law & Business, 25(1): 165-203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay, H., (2004), Right and Wrong, Sydney, Hodder Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • McFall, L., (1987), “Integrity”, Ethics, 98, pp.5-20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Menzel, D. C., (2005), “Research on Ethics and Integrity in Governance A Review and Assessment”. Public Integrity, Vol.7, No.2, pp.147-168

    Google Scholar 

  • Mintzberg, H.; Simons, R. & K. Basu, (2002), “Beyond Selfishness”, MIT Sloan Management Review, 12:67–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirvis, P. & B. Googins, (2006), “Stages of Corporate Citizenship”, California Management Review, Vol. 48 (2): 104-124

    Google Scholar 

  • Moeller R (2004) Sarbanes-Oxley and the new internal Auditing Rules. New Jersey, Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, R.C., (2001), Trust. Releasing the Energy to Succeed, New York, John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, J., (2003), Wall Street on trial: a corrupted state, John Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Reilly, Ch.: 1989, ‘Corporations, Culture, and Commitment: Motivation and Social Control in Organizations’, California Management Review, 31(4); reprinted in 50(2), 85–101.

  • Paine, L. S.: 1994, ‘Managing for Organizational Integrity’, Harvard Business Review, March–April, 72(2), 106–117.

  • Paine LS (2003) Values Shift. New York, McGrawHill

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng, Mike W. & Jessie Qi Zhou, (2005), “How Network Strategies and Institutional Transitions evolve in Asia”, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 22: 321-336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petrick, J.A., (2003), “Public Integrity Capacity, Management Theory, and Organizational Theory”, in Bishop, P.; Connors, C. & Ch. Sampford (Eds), Management, Organization, and Ethics in the Public Sector, Hants, Ashgate, pp.255-280

    Google Scholar 

  • Petter, J., (2005), “Responsible Behavior in Bureaucrats. An Expanded Conceptual Framework”, Public Integrity, Vol.7, No.3, pp.197-217

    Google Scholar 

  • Polanyi, M., (1966), The Tacit Dimension, Garden City NY, Basic Books

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, M. E. and M. Kramer: 2006, ‘Strategy and Society: The Link between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility’, Harvard Business Review, December, 78–93

  • Pritchard, M.S., (2006), Professional Integrity. Thinking Ethically, Kansas, University Press of Kansas

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H., (1997), “Fact and Value” (Reason, Truth and History - 1981) in Menand, L. (Ed), Pragmatism, New York, Vintage Books, pp.338-362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, H., (2002), The Collapse of the Fact/Value Dichotomy and other essays, Cambridge (MA), Harvard University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Rezaee, Z., (2007), Corporate Governance Post-Sarbanes-Oxley. Regulations, Requirements, and Integrated Processes, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Roche J., (2005), Corporate governance in Asia. London. Routledge

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossouw G.J., (2005), “Business ethics and corporate governance: A global survey”, Business and Society, March, 44(1): 32-38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sama, L.M. & V. Shoaf, (2005). “Reconciling Rules and Principle: An Ethics-Based Approach to Corporate Governance”, Journal of Business Ethics, 58: 177-185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schein, E.H., 1992, Organizational culture and leadership, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass

    Google Scholar 

  • Scherer, A.G. & G. Palazzo, (2007), “Towards a Potential Conception of Corporate Responsibility: Business and Society Seen from a Habermasian Perspective”, The Academy of Management Review, 32(4): 1096-1120

    Google Scholar 

  • Schleifer A. & Vishny R.W., (1997), “A survey of corporate governance”, Journal of Finance, LII(2): 737-783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, B., (2008), “Do Global Standards and Codes Prevent Financial Crises?”, in Ocampo, J.A. & J.E. Stiglitz (Eds), Capital Markets Liberalization and Development, Oxford UK, Oxford University Press, pp.319-354

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz M., (2001), “The nature of the relationship between corporate codes of ethics and behavior”, Journal of Business Ethics, 32: 247-262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, M.S., (2005), “Universal Moral Values for Corporate Code of Ethics”, Journal of Business Ethics, 59, pp.27-44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sen, A.: 1976, ‘Rational Fools: a critique of the Behavioral Foundations of Economic Theory’, in Scientific Models and Man: the Herbert Spencer Lectures (Oxford University Press, London), pp. 1–25.

  • Senge, P.; Scharmer, O.; Jaworski, J. & B.S. Flowers, (2004), Presence. An Exploration of Profound Change in People, Organizations, and Society, New York; London, Currency Doubleday

    Google Scholar 

  • Sisodia, R.; Sheth, J. & D. Wolffe, (2007), Firms of Endearment. How World-Class Companies Profit from Passion and Purpose, New Jersey, Wharton School Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, J. & A. Solomon, (2004), Corporate Governance and Accountability, West Sussex, John Wiley& Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastva, S. (Ed), (1988), Executive Integrity. The Search for High Human Values in Organizational Life, San Francisco; London, Jossey-Bass Publishing

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, H. & J. Washington-Smith, (2002), Profit and the Environment. Commo Sense or Contradiction?, West Sussex, John Wiley & Sons

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan D. & Snell R.S., (2002), “The third eye: Exploring Guanxi and relational morality in the workplace”, Journal of Business Ethics, 41: 361-384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treviño, Linda K.; Hartman, Laura P. & Michaerl Brown, (2000), “Moral Person and Moral Manager: How executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership”, California Management Review, Summer, 42(4): 128-142

    Google Scholar 

  • Treviño, Linda K.; Weaver, Gary R.; Gibson, David G. & Barbara L. Toffler, (1999), “Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance: What works and what hurts”, California Management Review, Vol.41, No2, Winter, pp.131-151

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, T.; Dienhart, J. & T. Thomas, (2008), “The Ethical Commitment to Compliance: Building Value-Based Cultures”, California Management Review, Vol.50, no.2, pp.31-51

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Luijk, L., (2004), “Integrity in the Private, the Public, and Corporate Domain”, in Brenkert, G. G. (Ed), Corporate Integrity and Accountability, London, Sage Publications, pp.38-54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhezen, P., (2008a), “(Ir)relevance of integrity in Organizations”, Public Integrity, Vol. 10(2): 135-152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verhezen, P., (2008b), “Guanxi: Networks or Nepotism?”, in Zsolnai, L. (Ed), Europe-Asia Dialogue on Business Spirituality, Antwerp; Apeldoorn, Garant, pp.89-106

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhezen, P. (2009), Gifts, Corruption and Philanthropy. The Ambiguity of Gift Practices in Business, Oxford, Peter Lang

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhezen, P. & P.V. Morse, (2009), “Consensus on Global Governance Principles?”, Journal of International Business Ethics, Vol. 2(1): 84-98

    Google Scholar 

  • Verstegen, L. & A.K. Buchholtz, (2001), “Trust, Risk and Shareholder Decision Making: An Investor Perspective on Corporate Governance”, Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol.11(1): 177-193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogel, D., (2005). “Is there a Market for Virtue? The Business Case for Corporate Social Responsibility”, California Management Review, Vol.47, No.4, pp.19-45

    Google Scholar 

  • Volcker, P.: 2005, ‘Independent Inquiry Committee into The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme (Interim Report)’, United Nations.

  • Waddock, S., (2006), “Forging a Path for Ethics and Business in Society” (An interview with Journal Editors of Business Ethics Quarterly, Journal of Business Ethics and Business & Society), Academy of Management Learning & Education, Vol 5, No 3, pp.334-345

    Google Scholar 

  • Waddock, S.; Bodwell, C. & S. Graves, (2002), “Responsibility: the new business imperative”, Academy of Management Executive, 16(2): 132-147

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters, J.; Bird, F. & P. Chant, (1986), “Everyday Moral Issues Experienced by Managers”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol 5, pp.373-384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wapner, P., (1997), “Governance in Global Civil Society”, in Young, O.R. (Ed), Global Governance. Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience, Cambridge MA, The MIT Press, pp.67-84

    Google Scholar 

  • Waters, J. A., 1988, “Integrity Management: Learning and Implementing Ethical Principles in the Workplace”, in Srivastva, Suresh (Ed), 1988, Executive Integrity. The Search for High Human Values in Organizational Life, San Francisco; London, Jossey-Bass Publishing, pp. 140-171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver G.R., (1999), “Integrated and decoupled corporate social performance: Management commitments, external pressures, and corporate ethics practices”, Academy of Management Journal, Oct, 42 (5):539-552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werhane, P.H., (1999), Moral Imagination and Management Decision-Making, New York, Oxford University Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolffe, D. M., (1988), “Is there integrity in the Bottom Line: Managing Obstacles to Executive Integrity”, in Srivastva, S. (Ed), Executive Integrity. The Search for High Human Values in Organizational Life, San Francisco; London, Jossey-Bass Publications, pp.140-171

    Google Scholar 

  • Wotruba T.R., Chonko L.B. & Loe T.W., (2001), “The impact of ethics code familiarity on manager behavior”, Journal of Business Ethics, 33: 59-69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yadong, L., (2005), “Corporate Governance and Accountability in Multinational Enterprises: Concepts and Agenda”, Journal of International Management, Vol.11, pp.1-18

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, O.R. (Ed), (1997), Global Governance. Drawing Insights from the Environmental Experience, Cambridge MA, The MIT Press

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, Stephen B., (2007), Fiduciary Duties as a Helpful Guide to Ethical Decision-Making in Business, Journal of Business Ethics, 74: 1-15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, S. & V. Thyil, (2008), “A Holistic Model of Corporate Governance: A new research framework”, Corporate Governance, Vol. 8 (10): 94-108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zadek, Simon, (2001), The Civil Corporation. The New Economy of Corporate Citizenship, London, Earthscan Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Zadek, S.: 2004, ‘The Path of Corporate Responsibility’, Harvard Business Review, December, 125–132.

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Dr. Cheryl Leis, previously International Ethics Advisor at Boeing and currently the Executive Director of the Centre for Leadership and Ethics at Winnepeg University in Canada for the numerous comments and discussions regarding the debate on “compliance versus integrity,” and for the exciting experience to scrutinize extremely valuable and useful concepts and ideas in practical environments that led to a well received joint presentation at the EBEN conference in Leuven (Belgium) in September 2007. Quite a number of ideas of those joint discussions and some of the critical reactions at the conference have been incorporated in this article. Obviously, all remaining inadequacies remain mine. He also likes to thank the anonymous peer reviewer and Professor Dr. Deborah Charmaine Poff, the Section Editor of BEJ.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Verhezen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Verhezen, P. Giving Voice in a Culture of Silence. From a Culture of Compliance to a Culture of Integrity. J Bus Ethics 96, 187–206 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0458-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0458-5

Key words

Navigation