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Untapped “-omics”: the microbial metagenome, estrobolome, and their influence on the development of breast cancer and response to treatment

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Abstract

With the advent of next generation sequencing technologies, there is an increasingly complex understanding of the role of gastrointestinal and local breast microbial dysbiosis in breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the microbiome’s role in breast carcinogenesis, discussing modifiable risk factors that may affect breast cancer risk by inducing dysbiosis as well as recent sequencing data illustrating breast cancer subtype-specific differences in local breast tissue microbiota. We outline how the ‘estrobolome,’ the aggregate of estrogen-metabolizing enteric bacterial genes, may affect the risk of developing postmenopausal estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. We also discuss the microbiome’s potent capacity for anticancer therapy activation and deactivation, an important attribute of the gastrointestinal microbiome that has yet to be harnessed clinically.

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Abbreviations

BC:

Breast cancer

ER:

Estrogen receptor

GALT:

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

HER2:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2

PARP:

Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase

PR:

Progesterone receptor

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

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  1. Division of Medical Microbiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    A. S. Komorowski

  2. Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada

    R. C. Pezo

  3. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    R. C. Pezo

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Komorowski, A.S., Pezo, R.C. Untapped “-omics”: the microbial metagenome, estrobolome, and their influence on the development of breast cancer and response to treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 179, 287–300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05472-w

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