References
Hammond EH, Hayes DF, Dowsett M et al (2010) American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen/progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol (in press)
Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) (2005) Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 365:1687–1717
Clarke M, Coates AS, Darby SC et al (2008) Adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen-receptor-poor breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet 371:29–40
Osborne CK, Yochmowitz MG, Knight WA III et al (1980) The value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the treatment of breast cancer. Cancer 46:2884–2888
Castellano I, Allia E, Accortanzo V et al (2010) Androgen receptor expression is a significant prognostic factor in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res Treat. doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0761-y
Agoff SN, Swanson PE, Linden H et al (2003) Androgen receptor expression in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemical, clinical, and prognostic associations. Am J Clin Pathol 120:725–731
Yeh S, Hu YC, Wang PH et al (2003) Abnormal mammary gland development and growth retardation in female mice and MCF7 breast cancer cells lacking androgen receptor. J Exp Med 198:1899–1908
Schippinger W, Regitnig P, Dandachi N et al (2006) Evaluation of the prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in metastatic breast cancer. Virchows Arch 449:24–30
Moinfar F, Okcu M, Tsybrovskyy O et al (2003) Androgen receptors frequently are expressed in breast carcinomas: potential relevance to new therapeutic strategies. Cancer 98:703–711
Kuenen-Boumeester V, Van der Kwast TH, Claassen CC et al (1996) The clinical significance of androgen receptors in breast cancer and their relation to histological and cell biological parameters. Eur J Cancer 32A:1560–1565
Ogawa Y, Hai E, Matsumoto K et al (2008) Androgen receptor expression in breast cancer: relationship with clinicopathological factors and biomarkers. Int J Clin Oncol 13:431–435
Clarke BL, Khosla S (2009) New selective estrogen and androgen receptor modulators. Curr Opin Rheumatol 21:374–379
Cheang MC, Chia SK, Voduc D et al (2009) Ki67 index, HER2 status, and prognosis of patients with luminal B breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 101:736–750
McShane LM, Altman DG, Sauerbrei W et al (2006) Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (REMARK). Breast Cancer Res Treat 100:229–235
Peters AA, Buchanan G, Ricciardelli C et al (2009) Androgen receptor inhibits estrogen receptor-alpha activity and is prognostic in breast cancer. Cancer Res 69:6131–6140
Gonzalez-Angulo AM, Stemke-Hale K, Palla SL et al (2009) Androgen receptor levels and association with PIK3CA mutations and prognosis in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 15:2472–2478
Sanga S, Broom BM, Cristini V et al (2009) Gene expression meta-analysis supports existence of molecular apocrine breast cancer with a role for androgen receptor and implies interactions with ErbB family. BMC Med Genomics 2:59
Disclosures
We have no financial disclosures.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This is an invited commentary to article doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0761-y.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Higgins, M.J., Wolff, A.C. The androgen receptor in breast cancer: learning from the past. Breast Cancer Res Treat 124, 619–621 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-0864-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-0864-5