Abstract
Social norms and altruistic punitive behaviours are both based on the integration of information from multiple contexts. Individual behavioural performance can be altered by loss and gain contexts, which produce different mental states and subjective perceptions. In this study, we used event-related potential and time-frequency techniques to examine performance on a third-party punishment task and to explore the neural mechanisms underlying context-dependent differences in punishment decisions. The results indicated that individuals were more likely to reject unfairness in the context of loss (vs. gain) and to increase punishment as unfairness increased. In contrast, fairness appeared to cause an early increase in cognitive control signal enhancement, as indicated by the P2 amplitude and theta oscillations, and a later increase in emotional and motivational salience during decision-making in gain vs. loss contexts, as indicated by the medial frontal negativity and beta oscillations. In summary, individuals were more willing to sanction violations of social norms in the loss context than in the gain context and rejecting unfair losses induced more equity-related cognitive conflict than accepting unfair gains, highlighting the importance of context (i.e., gain vs. loss) in equity-related social decision-making processes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander WH, Brown JW (2011) Medial prefrontal cortex as an action-outcome predictor. Nat Neurosci 14(10):1338–1344. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2921
Andreou C, Frielinghaus H, Rauh J, Mussmann M, Vauth S, Braun P, Leicht G, Mulert C (2017) Theta and high-beta networks for feedback processing: a simultaneous EEG-fMRI study in healthy male subjects. Translational Psychiatry 7(1):e1016. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.287
Bachman MD, Watts ATM, Collins P, Bernat EM (2022) Sequential gains and losses during gambling feedback: Differential effects in time-frequency delta and theta measures. Psychophysiology 59(5):e13907. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13907
Barbaro L, Peelen MV, Hickey C (2017) Valence, not utility, underlies reward-driven prioritization in human vision [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. J Neurosci 37(43):10438–10450. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1128-17.2017
Bellebaum C, Polezzi D, Daum I (2010) It is less than you expected: the feedback-related negativity reflects violations of reward magnitude expectations. Neuropsychologia 48(11):3343–3350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.023
Bezerra ES, Diefenthaeler F, Sakugawa RL, Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, Moro A (2019) Effects of different strength training volumes and subsequent detraining on strength performance in aging adults [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. J Bodyw Mov Ther 23(3):466–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.01.010
Boksem MA, De Cremer D (2010) Fairness concerns predict medial frontal negativity amplitude in ultimatum bargaining. Soc Neurosci 5(1):118–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470910903202666
Buskens V, Kovacic I, Rutterkamp E, van de Rijt A, Terburg D (2023) Social preferences trump emotions in human responses to unfair offers [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Sci Rep 13(1):9602. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36715-y
Cavanagh JF, Frank MJ (2014) Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control. Trends Cogn Sci 18(8):414–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.012
Cervantes CF, Garat S, Nicolaisen-Sobesky E, Paz V, Martinez-Montes E, Kessel D, Cabana A, Gradin VB (2021) Neural processing of iterated prisoner’s dilemma outcomes indicates next-round choice and speed to reciprocate cooperation [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Soc Neurosci 16(2):103–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2020.1859410
Chen X, Meaghan M, Youngbin K (2019) Contribution of sensorimotor beta oscillations during value-based action selection. Behav Brain Res 368(5):111907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111907
Chen M, Zhao Z, Lai H (2019a) The time course of neural responses to social versus non-social unfairness in the ultimatum game. Soc Neurosci 14(4):409–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2018.1486736
Chen T, Li Q, Peng M, Li X (2023) Moral transgression modulates empathy for pain: evidence from ERP and EEG data [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Biol Psychol 176:108467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108467
Cohen MX (2011) Error-related medial frontal theta activity predicts cingulate-related structural connectivity. NeuroImage 55(3):1373–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.072
Cornelissen G, Dewitte S, Warlop L (2011) Are social value orientations expressed automatically? Decision making in the dictator game [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 37(8):1080–1090. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211405996
Delorme A, Makeig S (2004) EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J Neurosci Methods 134(1):9–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009
Durka PJ, Zygierewicz J, Klekowicz H, Ginter J, Blinowska KJ (2004) On the statistical significance of event-related EEG desynchronization and synchronization in the time-frequency plane. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 51(7):1167–1175. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2004.827341
Falco A, Albinet C, Rattat AC, Paul I, Fabre E (2019) Being the chosen one: social inclusion modulates decisions in the ultimatum game. An ERP study. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 14(2):141–149. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsy118
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Behav Res Methods 39(2):175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG (2009) Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Behav Res Methods 41(4):1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2003) The nature of human altruism. Nature 425(6960):785–791. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02043
Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2004a) Social norms and human cooperation. Trends Cogn Sci 8(4):185–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.02.007
Fehr E, Fischbacher U (2004b) Third-party punishment and social norms. Evol Hum Behav 25(2):63–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-5138(04)00005-4
Ferdinand NK, Mecklinger A, Kray J, Gehring WJ (2012) The processing of unexpected positive response outcomes in the mediofrontal cortex. J Neurosci 32(35):12087–12092. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1410-12.2012
Folwaczny A, Waldmann E, Altenhofer J, Henze K, Parhofer KG (2021) Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Normolipidemic Subjects and Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertriglyceridemia: Effects of Test Meals Containing Saturated Fatty Acids, Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids, or Medium-Chain Fatty Acids [Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial]. Nutrients. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051737
Glazer J, Nusslock R (2022) Outcome valence and stimulus frequency affect neural responses to rewards and punishments. Psychophysiology 59(3):e13981. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13981
Glazer JE, Kelley NJ, Pornpattananangkul N, Mittal VA, Nusslock R (2018) Beyond the FRN: broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing. Int J Psychophysiol 132(Pt B):184–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.002
Guo H, Song H, Liu Y, Xu K, Shen H (2019) Social distance modulates the process of uncertain decision-making: evidence from event-related potentials. Psychol Res Behav Manage 12:701–714. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S210910
Hamel R, Savoie F, Lacroix A, Whittingstall K, Trempe M, Bernier P (2018) Added value of money on motor performance feedback: increased left central beta-band power for rewards and fronto-central theta-band power for punishments. NeuroImage 179:63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.032
Hewig J, Kretschmer N, Trippe RH, Hecht H, Coles MG, Holroyd CB, Miltner WH (2011) Why humans deviate from rational choice. Psychophysiology 48(4):507–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01081.x
Holroyd CB, Pakzad-Vaezi KL, Krigolson OE (2008) The feedback correct-related positivity: sensitivity of the event-related brain potential to unexpected positive feedback. Psychophysiology 45(5):688–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00668.x
Horat SK, Herrmann FR, Favre G, Terzis J, Debatisse D, Merlo M, Missonnier P (2016) Assessment of mental workload: a new electrophysiological method based on intra-block averaging of ERP amplitudes. Neuropsychologia 82(Suppl C):11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.12.013
Horat SK, Favre G, Prevot A, Ventura J, Herrmann FR, Gothuey I, Merlo M, Missonnier P (2018) Impaired social cognition in schizophrenia during the Ultimatum game: an EEG study. Schizophr Res 192:308–316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.037
Hu X, Mai X (2021) Social value orientation modulates fairness processing during social decision-making: evidence from behavior and brain potentials. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 16(7):670–682. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab032
Hu L, Zhang ZG, Hu Y (2012) A time-varying source connectivity approach to reveal human somatosensory information processing. NeuroImage 62(1):217–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.094
Hu X, Xu Z, Li Y, Mai X (2018) The impact of trust decision-making on outcome processing: evidence from brain potentials and neural oscillations. Neuropsychologia 119:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.036
Hu J, Hu Y, Li Y, Zhou X (2021) Computational and neurobiological substrates of cost-benefit integration in altruistic helping decision. J Neurosci 41(15):3545–3561. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1939-20.2021
Huang LY, She HC, Jung TP (2018) Neural oscillation correlates Chemistry decision-making. Int J Neural Syst 28(3):1750031. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129065717500319
Huvermann DM, Bellebaum C, Peterburs J (2021) Selective devaluation affects the Processing of Preferred rewards. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 21(5):1010–1025. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00904-x
Jiang Y, Cui C, Liu M, Zhang X (2021) Capture or suppression? Attentional allocation upon reward and loss-associated nonsalient distractors are supported by distinct neural mechanisms: an EEG study. Neuropsychologia 157:107879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107879
Jin J, Wang A, Liu J, Pan J, Lyu D (2020) How does monetary loss empathy modulate generosity in economic sharing behavior? An ERPs study. Neuropsychologia 141(0):107407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107407
Kamarajan C, Rangaswamy M, Manz N, Chorlian DB, Pandey AK, Roopesh BN, Porjesz B (2012) Topography, power, and current source density of theta oscillations during reward processing as markers for alcohol dependence. Hum Brain Mapp 33(5):1019–1039. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21267
Lee JA, Murnighan JK (2001) The Empathy-Prospect Model and the choice to Help1. J Appl Soc Psychol 31(4):816–839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb01415.x
Levin IP, Xue G, Weller JA, Reimann M, Lauriola M, Bechara A (2012) A neuropsychological approach to understanding risk-taking for potential gains and losses. Front NeuroSci 6:15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00015
Liu Y, Li L, Zheng L, Guo X (2017) Punish the perpetrator or compensate the victim? Gain vs. loss context modulate third-party altruistic behaviors. Front Psychol 8:2066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02066
Liu Y, Bian X, Hu Y, Chen Y, Li X, Di Fabrizio B (2018) Intergroup Bias influences Third-Party punishment and compensation: In-group relationships attenuate altruistic punishment. Social Behav Personality: Int J 46(8):1397–1408. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7193
Liu Y, Wang H, Li L, Wang Y, Peng J, Baxter DF (2019) Judgments in a hurry: Time pressure affects how judges assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains. Scand J Psychol 60(3):203–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12532
Liu X, Hu X, Shi K, Mai X (2020) Your losses are mine: the influence of empathic concern on evaluative processing of others’ outcomes. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 20(3):481–492. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-020-00779-4
Liu Y, Wang H, Li L, Tian T, Li J, DiFabrizio B, Liu Y (2021) Social status affects how third parties assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains. Scand J Psychol 62(6):858–870. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12764
Luck SJ, Gaspelin N (2017) How to get statistically significant effects in any ERP experiment (and why you shouldn’t). Psychophysiology 54(1):146–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12639
Luo Y, Wu T, Broster LS, Feng C, Zhang D, Gu R, Luo YJ (2014) The temporal course of the influence of anxiety on fairness considerations. Psychophysiology 51(9):834–842. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12235
Luo Y, Feng C, Wu T, Broster LS, Cai H, Gu R, Luo YJ (2015) Social comparison manifests in event-related potentials. Sci Rep 5:12127. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12127
Maik B, Peter MG, Gabriele O, Urs F (2017) Social Value Orientation moderates the effects of intuition versus reflection on responses to unfair Ultimatum offers. J Behav Decis Mak 30(2):569–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.1975
Marco-Pallares J, Munte TF, Rodriguez-Fornells A (2015) The role of high-frequency oscillatory activity in reward processing and learning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 49(Suppl C):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.014
Maris E, Oostenveld R (2007) Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data. J Neurosci Methods 164(1):177–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024
Martinez-Selva JM, Munoz MA, Sanchez-Navarro JP, Walteros C, Montoya P (2019) Time Course of the neural activity related to behavioral decision-making as revealed by event-related potentials. Front Behav Neurosci 13:191. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00191
Moore M, Katsumi Y, Dolcos S, Dolcos F (2021) Electrophysiological correlates of social Decision-making: an EEG Investigation of a modified Ultimatum Game. J Cogn Neurosci 34(1):54–78. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01782
Mussel P, Hewig J, Weiß M (2018) The reward-like nature of social cues that indicate successful altruistic punishment. Psychophysiology 55(9):e13093. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13093
Mussel P, Weiss M, Rodrigues J, Heekeren H, Hewig J (2022) Neural correlates of successful costly punishment in the Ultimatum game on a trial-by-trial basis [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 17(6):590–597. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab126
Oliveira FT, McDonald JJ, Goodman D (2007) Performance monitoring in the anterior cingulate is not all error related: expectancy deviation and the representation of action-outcome associations. J Cogn Neurosci 19(12):1994–2004. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.12.1994
Paschke LM, Walter H, Steimke R, Ludwig VU, Gaschler R, Schubert T, Stelzel C (2015) Motivation by potential gains and losses affects control processes via different mechanisms in the attentional network. NeuroImage 111:549–561. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.047. Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t
Paul K, Pourtois G (2017) Mood congruent tuning of reward expectation in positive mood: evidence from FRN and theta modulations. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 12(5):765–774. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx010
Peng W, Hu L, Zhang Z, Hu Y (2012) Causality in the association between P300 and alpha event-related desynchronization. PLoS ONE 7(4):e34163. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034163
Peterburs J, Voegler R, Liepelt R, Schulze A, Wilhelm S, Ocklenburg S, Straube T (2017) Processing of fair and unfair offers in the ultimatum game under social observation. Sci Rep 7:44062. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44062
Pfurtscheller G, Lopes DSF (1999) Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t; review]. Clin Neurophysiol 110(11):1842–1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00141-8
Polania R, Nitsche MA, Korman C, Batsikadze G, Paulus W (2012) The importance of timing in segregated theta phase-coupling for cognitive performance. Curr Biol 22(14):1314–1318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.021
Polezzi D, Daum I, Rubaltelli E, Lotto L, Civai C, Sartori G, Rumiati R (2008) Mentalizing in economic decision-making. Behav Brain Res 190(2):218–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2008.03.003
Potts GF, Patel SH, Azzam PN (2004) Impact of instructed relevance on the visual ERP. Int J Psychophysiol 52(2):197–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2003.10.005
Qu C, Wang Y, Huang Y (2013) Social exclusion modulates fairness consideration in the ultimatum game: an ERP study. Front Hum Neurosci 7:505. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00505
Raihani NJ, Bshary R (2015) Third-party punishers are rewarded, but third-party helpers even more so. Evolution 69(4):993–1003. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12637
Rodrigues J, Ulrich N, Hewig J (2015) A neural signature of fairness in altruism: a game of theta? Soc Neurosci 10(2):192–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2014.977401
Rodrigues J, Liesner M, Reutter M, Mussel P, Hewig J (2020) It’s costly punishment, not altruistic: low midfrontal theta and state anger predict punishment [Journal Article; Research Support, non-. Gov’t] Psychophysiol 57(8):e13557. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13557
Rodriguez-Gomez P, Martin-Loeches M, Colmenares F, Romero FM, Moreno EM (2020) He had it Comin’: ERPs reveal a facilitation for the Processing of misfortunes to Antisocial characters. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 20(2):356–370. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-020-00773-w
Savoie FA, Hamel R, Lacroix A, Thenault F, Whittingstall K, Bernier PM (2019) Luring the Motor System: impact of performance-contingent incentives on Pre-movement Beta-Band activity and motor performance. J Neurosci 39(15):2903–2914. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1887-18.2019
Scheeff J, Rauss K, Schönenberg M (2021) Effects of group affiliation on neural signatures of fairness norm violations in antisocial violent offenders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 111:110355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110355
Schmidt LJ, Belopolsky AV, Theeuwes J, Support R (2015) Non-U S Gov’t] Emot, 15(3), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000041
Sidarus N, Vuorre M, Haggard P (2017) How action selection influences the sense of agency: an ERP study. NeuroImage 150:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.015
Sun L, Tan P, Cheng Y, Chen J, Qu C (2015) The effect of altruistic tendency on fairness in third-party punishment. Front Psychol 6:820. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00820
Sun M, Xiao F, Long C (2019) Neural oscillation profiles of a Premise Monotonicity Effect during Semantic Category-based induction. Front Hum Neurosci 13:338. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00338
Tan J, Zhao Y, Wu S, Wang L, Hitchman G, Tian X, Li M, Hu L, Chen A (2014) The temporal dynamics of visual working memory guidance of selective attention. Front Behav Neurosci 8:345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00345
Tang D, Hu L, Chen A (2013) The neural oscillations of conflict adaptation in the human frontal region. Biol Psychol 93(3):364–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.03.004
Telpaz A, Webb R, Levy DJ (2015) Using EEG to Predict consumers’ future choices. J Mark Res 52(4):511–529. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.13.0564
Tversky AKD (1991) Loss aversion in Riskless Choice: a reference-dependent model. Q J Econ 4(106):1039–1061. https://doi.org/10.2307/2937956
Tversky A, Kahneman D (1981) The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice [Journal Article]. Science 211(4481):453–458. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7455683
Van Lange PA, Joireman J, Parks CD, Van Dijk E (2013) The psychology of social dilemmas: a review. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 120(2):125–141
van Prooijen J (2009) Retributive versus compensatory justice: observers’ preference for punishing in response to criminal offenses. Eur J SOCIAL Psychol 40(1):72–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.611
Wang Y, Zhang Z, Bai L, Lin C, Osinsky R, Hewig J (2017) Ingroup/outgroup membership modulates fairness consideration: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t]. Sci Rep 7:39827. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39827
Wang A, Zhu L, Lyu D, Cai D, Ma Q, Jin J (2022) You are excusable! Neural correlates of economic neediness on empathic concern and fairness perception. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 22(1):99–111. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-021-00934-5
Weiland S, Hewig J, Hecht H, Mussel P, Miltner WH (2012) Neural correlates of fair behavior in interpersonal bargaining. Soc Neurosci 7(5):537–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2012.674056
Weiß M, Rodrigues J, Boschet JM, Pittig AMPH (2020) How depressive symptoms and fear of negative evaluation affect feedback evaluation in social decision-making. J Affect Disorders Rep 1:100004
Wischnewski M, Schutter D (2018) Dissociating absolute and relative reward- and punishment-related electrocortical processing: an event-related potential study. Int J Psychophysiol 126:13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.010
Wischnewski M, Schutter D (2019) Electrophysiological correlates of prediction formation in anticipation of reward- and punishment-related feedback signals. Psychophysiology 56(8):e13379. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.13379
Xu Q, Yang S, Huang Q, Chen S, Li P (2020) A sense of unfairness reduces charitable giving to a third-party: evidence from behavioral and electrophysiological data. Neuropsychologia 142:107443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107443
Yaple Z, Martinez-Saito M, Novikov N, Altukhov D, Shestakova A, Klucharev V (2018) Power of Feedback-Induced Beta Oscillations Reflect Omission of Rewards: Evidence From an EEG Gambling Study. Front NeuroSci. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00776
Yechiam E, Hochman G (2013) Losses as modulators of attention: review and analysis of the unique effects of losses over gains [Journal Article; review]. Psychol Bull 139(2):497–518. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029383
Yue T, Huang X, Yue C, Fu A (2021) Influence of an individual’s own gains and losses on the evaluation of friends’ gambling results: Evidence from ERPs. Acta Psychologica Sinica 53(6):651
Zhang G, Li X, Cong F (2020) Objective extraction of evoked event-related oscillation from time-frequency representation of event-related potentials. Neural Plast 2020:8841354. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841354
Zheng Y, Yi W, Cheng J, Li Q (2020) Common and distinct electrophysiological correlates of feedback processing during risky and ambiguous decision making. Neuropsychologia 146:107526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107526
Zhong X, Wang R, Huang S, Chen J, Chen H, Qu C (2019) The neural correlate of mid-value offers in ultimatum game. PLoS ONE 14(8):e220622. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220622
Funding
Hebei Province education science planning-General funded project. “The moderation of altruistic punishment by social environmental factors and its educational implications” (2203198); The key research project of North China University of Science and Technology (ZD-RW-202319); National education science planning-Youth project of The Ministry of Education. “The influence of social moral factors on pain empathy and its educational implications” (EBA210396); The Scientific Research Project of Beijing Educational Committee (2021Z006-SWY)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
LY is responsible for collecting and organizing data and writing, YG and LA and SZ are responsible for helping to collect data, HW and YL are responsible for reviewing manuscripts.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Additional information
Handling Editor: Micah Murray.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, L., Gao, Y., Ao, L. et al. Context Modulates Perceived Fairness in Altruistic Punishment: Neural Signatures from ERPs and EEG Oscillations. Brain Topogr (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-024-01039-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-024-01039-1