Abstract
The recent development of multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging (MB-fMRI) allows for the reduction of sampling period by simultaneously exciting multiple slices—the number of which is referred to as the multiband factor. Simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG)/MB-fMRI has yet to be validated for data quality against conventional single band (SB)-fMRI. Pilot scans were conducted on phantoms twice and on a healthy volunteer to ensure no heating effects. In the main study, two thermometer probes were attached to 16 healthy individuals (ages 20–39, 9 females) whilst they completed two sets of 16-min resting-state and two sets of 9-min n-back task scans—each set consisting of one MB4 and one SB pulse sequence. No heating effects were reported and thermometer data showed mean increases of < 1.0 °C. Minimal differences between the two scan types were found in EEG channel variance and spectra. Expected decreases in MB4-fMRI tSNR were observed. In n-back task scans, little to no differences were detected in both EEG source analyses and fMRI local analyses for mixed effects. Resting-state posterior cingulate cortex seed-based analyses of the default mode network along with EEG-informed fMRI analysis of the occipital alpha anticorrelation effect showed improved statistical and spatial sensitivity at lower scan durations. Using EEG/MB4-fMRI for n-back tasks provided no statistical advantages nor disadvantages. However, for studying the resting-state, MB4-fMRI potentially allows for reduced scanning durations for equivalent statistical significance to be obtained or alternatively, larger effect sizes for the same scanning duration. As such, simultaneous EEG/MB4-fMRI is a viable alternative to EEG/SB-fMRI.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Rebecca McMillan for their assistance with data collection and analysis.
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SDM is supported by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship. The research was part funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand.
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Chen, J.C.C., Forsyth, A., Dubowitz, D.J. et al. On the Quality, Statistical Efficiency, and Safety of Simultaneously Recorded Multiband fMRI/EEG. Brain Topogr 33, 303–316 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-020-00761-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-020-00761-w