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EEG Microstate Correlates of Fluid Intelligence and Response to Cognitive Training

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Abstract

The neurobiological correlates of human fluid intelligence (Gf) remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG activity correlate with baseline measures of Gf and with its modulation by cognitive training. EEG dynamics were assessed in 74 healthy participants by examination of fast-changing, recurring, topographically-defined electric patterns termed “microstates”, which characterize the electrophysiological activity of distributed cortical networks. We find that the frequency of appearance of specific brain topographies, spatially associated with visual (microstate B) and executive control (microstate C) networks, respectively, is inversely related to Gf scores. Moreover, changes in Gf scores with cognitive training are inversely correlated with changes in microstate properties, indicating that the changes in brain network dynamics are behaviorally relevant. Finally, we find that cognitive training that increases Gf scores results in a posterior shift in the topography of microstate C. These results highlight the role of fast-changing brain electrical states in individual variability in Gf and in the response to cognitive training.

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Acknowledgements

This research is based upon work supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), via 2014-13121700007. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the ODNI, IARPA, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. Dr. Pascual-Leone is further supported by the Berenson-Allen Foundation, the Sidney R. Baer Jr. Foundation, grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01HD069776, R01NS073601, R21 MH099196, R21 NS082870, R21 NS085491, R21 HD07616), and Harvard Catalyst | The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center (NCRR and the NCATS NIH, UL1 RR025758). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of Harvard Catalyst, Harvard University and its affiliated academic health care centers, the National Institutes of Health, the Sidney R. Baer Jr. Foundation. The authors would like to thank the members of the larger Honeywell SHARP team for their valuable contributions to this work, including the SHARP Team authors: Harvard Medical School (Ann Connor, Franziska Plessow, Sadhvi Saxena, Erica Levenbaum); Honeywell (Jessamy Almquist, Michael Dillard, Umut Orhan, Santosh Mathan); Northeastern University (James McKanna, Deniz Erdogmus, Misha Pavel); Oxford University (Anna-Katharine Brem, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Nick Yeung); SimCoach Games (Garrett Kimball, Eben Myers).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Berenson-Allen Center for Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, West/Baker 5, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

      Emiliano Santarnecchi, Arjun R. Khanna, Christian S. Musaeus, Christopher S. Y. Benwell, Paula Davila, Alvaro Pascual-Leone & Mouhsin M. Shafi

    2. Siena-Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab (SiBIN), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

      Emiliano Santarnecchi

    3. Siena Robotics and Systems Lab (SIRS-Lab), Engineering and Mathematics Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

      Emiliano Santarnecchi

    4. Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre (DDRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

      Christian S. Musaeus

    5. Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

      Christopher S. Y. Benwell

    6. Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

      Faranak Farzan

    7. Honeywell Labs, Honeywell Aerospace, Redmond, WA, USA

      Santosh Matham

    8. Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitacio Guttmann, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain

      Alvaro Pascual-Leone

    Authors
    1. Emiliano Santarnecchi
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    2. Arjun R. Khanna
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    3. Christian S. Musaeus
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    4. Christopher S. Y. Benwell
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    5. Paula Davila
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    6. Faranak Farzan
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    7. Santosh Matham
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    8. Alvaro Pascual-Leone
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    9. Mouhsin M. Shafi
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    Consortia

    on behalf of Honeywell SHARP Team authors

    • Ann Connor
    • , Franziska Plessow
    • , Jessamy Almquist
    • , Michael Dillard
    • , Umut Orhan
    • , Santosh Mathan
    • , James McKanna
    • , Deniz Erdogmus
    • , Misha Pavel
    • , Anna-Katharine Brem
    • ,  Roi Cohen Kadosh
    • , Nick Yeung
    • , Garrett Kimball
    •  & Eben Myers

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Mouhsin M. Shafi.

    Additional information

    Emiliano Santarnecchi and Arjun R. Khanna contributed equally to this work.

    Electronic supplementary material

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    Supplementary material 1 (DOC 47 KB)

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    Cite this article

    Santarnecchi, E., Khanna, A.R., Musaeus, C.S. et al. EEG Microstate Correlates of Fluid Intelligence and Response to Cognitive Training. Brain Topogr 30, 502–520 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-017-0565-z

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-017-0565-z

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