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Catching the Invisible: Mesial Temporal Source Contribution to Simultaneous EEG and SEEG Recordings

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An Erratum to this article was published on 11 June 2015

Abstract

Mesial temporal sources are presumed to escape detection in scalp electroencephalographic recordings. This is attributed to the deep localization and infolded geometry of mesial temporal structures that leads to a cancellation of electrical potentials, and to the blurring effect of the superimposed neocortical background activity. In this study, we analyzed simultaneous scalp and intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings to delineate the contribution of mesial temporal sources to scalp electroencephalogram. Interictal intracerebral spike networks were classified in three distinct categories: solely mesial, mesial as well as neocortical, and solely neocortical. The highest and earliest intracerebral spikes generated by the leader source of each network were marked and the corresponding simultaneous intracerebral and scalp electroencephalograms were averaged and then characterized both in terms of amplitude and spatial distribution. In seven drug-resistant epileptic patients, 21 interictal intracerebral networks were identified: nine mesial, five mesial plus neocortical and seven neocortical. Averaged scalp spikes arising respectively from mesial, mesial plus neocortical and neocortical networks had a 7.1 (n = 1,949), 36.1 (n = 628) and 10 (n = 1,471) µV average amplitude. Their scalp electroencephalogram electrical field presented a negativity in the ipsilateral anterior and basal temporal electrodes in all networks and a significant positivity in the fronto-centro-parietal electrodes solely in the mesial plus neocortical and neocortical networks. Topographic consistency test proved the consistency of these different scalp electroencephalogram maps and hierarchical clustering clearly differentiated them. In our study, we have thus shown for the first time that mesial temporal sources (1) cannot be spontaneously visible (mean signal-to-noise ratio −2.1 dB) on the scalp at the single trial level and (2) contribute to scalp electroencephalogram despite their curved geometry and deep localization.

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Abbreviations

IIS:

Interictal intracerebral spikes

ISS:

Interictal scalp spikes

M:

Mesial epileptic network

NC:

Neocortical epileptic network

M + NC:

Mesial and neocortical epileptic network

MTL:

Mesial temporal lobe

SEEG:

Stereoelectroencephalography

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Acknowledgments

The Authors would like to thank Cécile Popko (Université de Lorraine) for EEG-SEEG data management. This study was supported by the French Ministry of Health (PHRC 17-05, 2009) and the Regional Council of Lorraine.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 7039, CRAN, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54516, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France

    Laurent Koessler, Thierry Cecchin, Jean-Pierre Vignal, Jacques Jonas, Hervé Vespignani, Georgia Ramantani & Louis Georges Maillard

  2. UMR 7039, CRAN, CNRS, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France

    Laurent Koessler, Thierry Cecchin, Jean-Pierre Vignal, Jacques Jonas, Hervé Vespignani, Georgia Ramantani & Louis Georges Maillard

  3. Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France

    Laurent Koessler, Jean-Pierre Vignal, Jacques Jonas, Hervé Vespignani & Louis Georges Maillard

  4. Service de Neurochirurgie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, 54000, France

    Sophie Colnat-Coulbois

  5. Epilepsy Center, University Hospital Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Georgia Ramantani

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  1. Laurent Koessler
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Correspondence to Laurent Koessler.

Electronic supplementary material

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10548_2014_417_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 1 (A) Averaged EEG signal and (B) 3D amplitude maps for the three spike networks in patient 1. The stars on the left of the electrode labels indicate that the corresponding averaged EEG signals at t 0 were statistically significant (Walsh’s test) (TIFF 2850 kb)

10548_2014_417_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 2 (A) Averaged EEG signal and (B) 3D amplitude maps for the two spike networks in patient 2. The stars on the left of the electrode labels indicate that the corresponding averaged EEG signals at t 0 were statistically significant (Walsh’s test) (TIFF 1532 kb)

10548_2014_417_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 3 (A) Averaged EEG signal and (B) 3D amplitude maps for the three spike networks in patient 3. The stars on the left of the electrode labels indicate that the corresponding averaged EEG signals at t 0 were statistically significant (Walsh’s test) (TIFF 2024 kb)

10548_2014_417_MOESM4_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 4 (A) Averaged EEG signal and (B) 3D amplitude maps for the two spike networks in patient 4. The stars on the left of the electrode labels indicate that the corresponding averaged EEG signals at t 0 were statistically significant (Walsh’s test) (TIFF 1516 kb)

10548_2014_417_MOESM5_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 5 (A) Averaged EEG signal and (B) 3D amplitude maps for the four spike networks in patient 6. The stars on the left of the electrode labels indicate that the corresponding averaged EEG signals at t 0 were statistically significant (Walsh’s test) (TIFF 2182 kb)

10548_2014_417_MOESM6_ESM.tif

Supplementary material 6 (A) Averaged EEG signal and (B) 3D amplitude maps for the four spike networks in patient 7. The stars on the left of the electrode labels indicate that the corresponding averaged EEG signals at t 0 were statistically significant (Walsh’s test). (TIFF 2309 kb)

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Koessler, L., Cecchin, T., Colnat-Coulbois, S. et al. Catching the Invisible: Mesial Temporal Source Contribution to Simultaneous EEG and SEEG Recordings. Brain Topogr 28, 5–20 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0417-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-014-0417-z

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