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Mechanisms Responsible for the Observed Thermodynamic Structure in a Convective Boundary Layer Over the Hudson Valley of New York State

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Abstract

We examine cases of a regional elevated mixed layer (EML) observed during the Hudson Valley Ambient Meteorology Study (HVAMS) conducted in New York State, USA in 2003. Previously observed EMLs referred to topographic domains on scales of 10\(^{5}\)–10\(^{6}\) km\(^{2}\). Here, we present observational evidence of the mechanisms responsible for the development and maintenance of regional EMLs overlying a valley-based convective boundary layer (CBL) on much smaller spatial scales (<5000 km\(^{2})\). Using observations from aircraft-based, balloon-based, and surface-based platforms deployed during the HVAMS, we show that cross-valley horizontal advection, along-valley channelling, and fog-induced cold-air pooling are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the EML and valley-CBL coupling over New York State’s Hudson Valley. The upper layer stability of the overlying EML constrains growth of the valley CBL, and this has important implications for air dispersion, aviation interests, and fog forecasting.

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Acknowledgements

Primary support for this work is from the National Science Foundation through subcontract #1033027-1-28995 from the Research Foundation, State University of New York. We also appreciate the contributions made by John Sicker in providing overall technical support before, during, and after the intensive field campaign, Rodrigo da Silva, Ricardo Sakai and Kathleen Moore for invaluable field and technical support, then undergraduate students Jason Herb, Jessica Neiles, and Kimberly McMahon for providing much needed field and data support during project preparation, the intensive field campaign, and for the remainder of the HVAMS deployment, Jessie (Grimm) Beauharnois for critical administrative support, and the NWS Albany Forecast Office for providing additional rawinsonde launches and ASOS data during the intensive field campaign.

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Correspondence to Jeffrey M. Freedman.

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Freedman, J.M., Fitzjarrald, D.R. Mechanisms Responsible for the Observed Thermodynamic Structure in a Convective Boundary Layer Over the Hudson Valley of New York State. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 164, 89–106 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0241-6

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