Summary
Autism is increasing—but why? Birth defect prevention trials were based on the teleological assumption that folic acid could prevent neural tube defects without consideration of long-term effects, some of which could be beneficial, some of which might be harmful. We therefore ask—Is it impossible to look again at these cohorts?
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- DHFR:
-
dihydrofolate reductase
- NTD:
-
neural tube defects
References
Adams M, Lucock M, Stuart J, Fardell S, Baker K, Ng X (2007) Preliminary evidence for involvement of the folate gene polymorphism 19 bp deletion-DHFR in occurrence of autism. Neurosci Lett 422: 24–29.
James SJ, Melnyk S, Jernigan S, et al (2006) Metabolic endophenotype and related genotypes are associated with oxidative stress in children with autism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 14: 947–996.
Leeming RJ, Blair JA, Melikian V, O’Gorman DJ (1976) Biopterin derivatives in human body fluids and tissues. J Clin Pathol 29: 444–451.
Ramaekers VT, Blau N, Sequeira JM, Nassogne MC, Quadros EV (2007) Folate receptor autoimmunity and cerebral folate deficiency in low functioning autism with neurological deficits. Neuropediatrics 38: 276–281.
Rodier PM, Ingram JI, Tisdale B, Nelson S, Ramano J (1996) Embryological origin for autism: developmental anomalies of the cranial nerve motor nuclei. J Comp Neurol 370: 247–261.
Smith I, Hyland K, Kendall B, Leeming RJ (1985) Clinical role of pteridine therapy in tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 8: 39–45.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicating editor: Nenad Blau
Competing interests: None declared
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leeming, R.J., Lucock, M. Autism: Is there a folate connection?. J Inherit Metab Dis 32, 400–402 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-009-1093-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10545-009-1093-0