Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Development and in-vitro characterization of an implantable flow sensing transducer for hydrocephalus

  • Published:
Biomedical Microdevices Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An implantable transducer for monitoring the flow of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the treatment of hydrocephalus has been developed which is based on measuring the heat dissipation of a local thermal source. The transducer uses passive telemetry at 13.56 MHz for power supply and read out of the measured flow rate. The in vitro performance of the transducer has been characterized using artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) with increased protein concentration and artificial CSF with 10% fresh blood. After fresh blood was added to the artificial CSF a reduction of flow rate has been observed in case that the sensitive surface of the flow sensor is close to the sedimented erythrocytes. An increase of flow rate has been observed in case that the sensitive surface is in contact with the remaining plasma/artificial CSF mix above the sediment which can be explained by an asymmetric flow profile caused by the sedimentation of erythrocythes having increased viscosity compared to artificial CSF. After removal of blood from artificial CSF, no drift could be observed in the transducer measurement which could be associated to a deposition of proteins at the sensitive surface walls of the packaged flow transducer. The flow sensor specification requirement of +−10% for a flow range between 2 ml/h and 40 ml/h. could be confirmed at test conditions of 37°C.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • C. Baird, S. Farner, C. Mohr, T. Pittman, Pediatr. Neurosurg. 37(4), 186 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T.A. Balasubramaniam, H.F. Bowman, J. Biomech. Eng. 99, 148 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.M. Black, R.G. Ojemann, A. Tzouras, Clin. Neurosurg. 32, 632 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  • I.G. Bloomfield, I.H. Johnston, L.E. Bilston, Pediatr. Neurosurg. 28(5), 246 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • T. Bork, Thermal Flow Sensor Having Streamlined Packaging, US Patent No. 7,181,963 B2 (2007)

  • H.L. Brydon, G. Keir, E.J. Thompson, R. Bayston, R. Hayward, W. Harkness, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64, 643 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M. Critchley, J.L. O’Leary, B. Jennett, Scientific Foundations of Neurology, 1st edn. (Heinemann Medical, London, 1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • H. Davson, M.B. Segal, Physiology of the CSF and Blood-brain Barriers, 1st edn. (CRC, New York, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Ginggen, Method for brazing two glass components, European Patent No. EP1184351 (2003)

  • A. Ginggen, Y. Tardy, R. Crivelli, T. Bork, P. Renaud, Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55(4), 1374 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • International Standards Organization (ISO) 14708-1. Implants for surgery—Active implantable medical devices—Part 1: general requirements for safety, marking and for information to be provided by the manufacturer (2000)

  • W.H. Ko, A.M. Leung, E. Cheng, R.J. Lorig, Biotelem. Patient Monit. 8(3), 131 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • V. Kurtcuoglu, M. Soellinger, P. Summers, K. Boomsma, D. Poulikakos, P. Boesiger, Y. Ventikos, J. Biomech. 40, 1235 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W. Kuschinsky, in Comprehensive Human Physiology, Vol. 1, ed. by R. Greger, U. Windhorst (Springer, Berlin, 1996), p. 545

    Google Scholar 

  • T.S.J. Lammerink, N.R. Tas, M. Elwenspoek, J.H.J. Fluitman, Sens. Actuators, A 37–38, 45 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • A. Larsson, C. Wikkelsö, M. Bilting, H. Stephensen, Acta Neurol. Scand. 84, 475 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A.A. Linninger, M. Xenos, D.C. Zhu, M.R. Somayaji, S. Kondapalli, R.D. Penn, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54(2), 291 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Lundberg, D.Q. Li, D. Falkenback, T. Lea, P. Siesjö, S. Söderström, B.J. Kudryk, J.O. Tegenfeldt, S. Nomura, A. Ljungh, J. Neurosurg. 90, 101 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • F. Mayer, A. Häberli, H. Jacobs, G. Ofner, O. Paul, H. Baltes, Proc. IEEE International Electron Device Meeting IEDM 97, IEEE 1997, p. 895-898. (1997)

  • F. Mayer, M.R. Hornung, R.S. Vanna, Flow sensor, US Patent No. 6813944 (2004)

  • I. Munshi, D. Lathrop, J.R. Madsen, D.M. Frim, Pediatr. Neurosurg. 28, 67 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • W.R. Murshid, J.S. Jarallah, M.I. Dad, Pediatr. Neurosurg. 32, 119 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Neff, J. Neurosurg. Pediatr. 4 103(4 Supp.I), 366 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • P.A. Neukomm, D. Furrer, Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the International Society on Biotelemetry ISOB 17, Brisbane 1 - 5 September (2003)

  • J. Oikonomou, A. Aschoff, B. Hashemi, S. Kunze, Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg. 9(Suppl. I), 23 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • E.-K. Persson, S. Anderson, L.-M. Wikl, P. Uvebrant, Child’s Nerv. Syst. 23(10), 1111 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R.S. Rosenson, A. McCormick, E.F. Uretz, Clin. Chem. 42, 1189 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • U. Schnakenberg, P. Walter, G. vom Bögel, C. Krüger, H.C. Lüdtke-Handjery, H.A. Richter, W. Specht, P. Ruokonen, W. Mokwa, Sens. Actuators, A 85(1–3), 287 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Sgouros, P. John, A.R. Walsh, Childs Nerv. Syst. 12, 454 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • J.A.L. Vanneste, J. Neurol. 247, 5 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • J. Vanneste, P. Augustijn, C. Dirven, W.F. Tan, Z.D. Goedhart, Neurology 42, 54 (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • J. Vassilouthis, J. Neurosurg. 61, 501 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • S. Widell, Acta Paediatr. 47(suppl. 115), 1 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • M. Wong, B.L. Schlaggar, R.S. Buller, G.A. Storch, M. Landt, Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 154, 827 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Swiss innovation promotion agency (grant CTI #8558.1 LSPP-LS). The authors would like to thank Dr. Roger Bayston for the recommendations concerning the test liquids and their preparation.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Codman Neuro Sciences sarl, Rue Girardet 29, 2400, Le Locle, Switzerland

    Toralf Bork, Andreas Hogg, Yanik Tardy & Jürgen Burger

  2. Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland

    Markus Lempen & Daniel Müller

  3. Neode, Haute Ecole ARC Ingénierie, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland

    Damien Joss & Herbert Keppner

  4. Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics ISTB, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Thibaut Bardyn, Philippe Büchler & Jürgen Burger

  5. Sensirion AG, Staefa, Switzerland

    Stephan Braun

Authors
  1. Toralf Bork
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andreas Hogg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Markus Lempen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daniel Müller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Damien Joss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Thibaut Bardyn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Philippe Büchler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Herbert Keppner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Stephan Braun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yanik Tardy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Jürgen Burger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jürgen Burger.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bork, T., Hogg, A., Lempen, M. et al. Development and in-vitro characterization of an implantable flow sensing transducer for hydrocephalus. Biomed Microdevices 12, 607–618 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-010-9413-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10544-010-9413-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation