Most insects and birds are able to fly. The chitin made exoskeleton of insects poses them several constraints, and this is one the reasons they are in general small sized animals. On the other hand, because birds possess an endoskeleton made of bones they may grow much larger when compared to insects. The two taxa are quite different with regards to their general “design” platform, in particular with respect to their respiratory and circulatory systems. However, because they fly, they may share in common several traits, namely those associated with the control and regulatory mechanisms governing thermogenesis. High core temperatures are essential for animal flight irrespective of the taxa they belong to. Birds and insects have thus evolved mechanisms which allowed them to control and regulate high rates of heat fluxes. This article discusses possible convergent thermogenic control and regulatory mechanisms associated with flight in insects and birds.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. A. Adamo C. E. Linn R. R. Hoy (1995) ArticleTitleThe role of neurohormonal octopamine during “fight or flight” behaviour in the field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus J. Exp. Biol. 198 1691–1700 Occurrence Handle7636443
S. H. Adams (2000) ArticleTitleUncoupling protein homologs: emerging views of physiological function J. Nutr. 130 711–714 Occurrence Handle10736318
R. R.S. Ahima D. Prabakaran C. Mantzoros D. Qu B. Lowell E. Maratos-Flier J. Flier (1996) ArticleTitleRole of leptin in the neuroeadocrine response to fasting Nature 382 250–252 Occurrence Handle10.1038/382250a0 Occurrence Handle8717038
G. Argyopoulos M. Harper (2002) ArticleTitleInvited review: uncoupling proteins and thermoregulation J. Appl. Physiol. 92 2187–2198 Occurrence Handle11960973
A. Aulie O. Toien (1988) ArticleTitleThreshold for shivering in aerobic and anaerobic muscles in bantam cocks and incubating hens J. Comp. Physiol. B 158 431–435 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00691140 Occurrence Handle3220987
A. B. Barron D. J. Schulz G. E. Robinson (2002) ArticleTitleOctopamine modulates responsiveness to foraging – stimulated stimuli in honey bees (Apis mellifera) J. Comp. Physiol. A 188 603–610 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00359-002-0335-5
L Bartalena F. Bogazzi S. Brogioni L. Grasso E. Martino (1998) ArticleTitleRole of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the euthyroid sik syndrome Eur. J. Endocrinol. 138 603–614 Occurrence Handle10.1530/eje.0.1380603 Occurrence Handle9678522
G. A. Bartholomew (1981) A matter of size: an examination of endothermy in insects and terrestrial vertebrates B. Heinrich (Eds) Insect Thermoregulation Wiley-Interscience Publication New York
G. A. Bartholomew B. Heinrich (1978) ArticleTitleEndothermy in African dung beetles during flight, ball making, and ball rolling J. Exp. Biol. 73 65–83
L. P. Belzunces R. Vandame X. Gu (1996) ArticleTitleModulation of honeybee thermoregulation by adrenergic compounds Neuroreport 7 IssueID10 1601–1604 Occurrence Handle8904764
M. N. Berry R. B. Gregory A. R. Grivell D. C. Henly J. W. Phillips P. G. Wallace (1989) The thermodynamic regulation of cellular metabolism and heat production W. Wieser E. Gnaiger (Eds) Energy Transformations in Cells and Organisms Georg Thieme Verlag NewYork 18–27
A. C. Bianco J. E. Silva (1987a) ArticleTitleIntracelular conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine is required for the optimal thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue J. Clin. Invest. 79 295–300
A. C. Bianco J. E. Silva (1987b) ArticleTitleOptimal response of key enzymes and uncoupling protein to cold in BAT depends on local T3 generation Am. J. Physiol. 253 E255–263
J. E. P. W. Bicudo A. C. Bianco C. R. Vianna (2002) ArticleTitleAdaptative thermogenesis in hummingbirds J. Exp. Biol. 205 2267–2273 Occurrence Handle12110660
C. Blau G. Wegener (1994) ArticleTitleMetabolic integration in locust flight: the effect of octopamine on the glycolytic activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in flight muscle in vivo J. Comp. Physiol. B 164 11–15 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00714565
C. Blau G. Wegener D. J. Candy (1994) ArticleTitleThe effect of octopamine on the glycolytic activator fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in perfursed locust flight muscle Insect. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 24 677–683 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0965-1748(94)90055-8
W. Blenau A. Baumann (2001) ArticleTitleMolecular and pharmacological properties of insect biogenic amines receptors: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 48 13–38 Occurrence Handle10.1002/arch.1055 Occurrence Handle11519073
G. Bloch D. E Wheeter G. E. Robinson (2002) Endocrine influences on the organization of insect societies D. W. Pfaff (Eds) Hormones, Brain and Behavior Academic Press San Diego, CA
B. A. Block (1994) ArticleTitleThermogenesis in muscle Annu. Rev. Physiol. 56 535–577 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.ph.56.030194.002535 Occurrence Handle8010751
F. Bouillaud E. Couplan C. Pecqueur D. Ricquier (2001) ArticleTitleHomologues of the uncoupling protein from brown adipose tissue 1UCP1: UCP2. UCP3, BMCP1 and UCP4 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1504 107–119 Occurrence Handle11239488
M. Bounias (1986) ArticleTitleNoradrenaline, propranolol and adrenochrome interactions with the dynamic of haemolymph lipids in worker honeybees Hom. Metab. Res. 18 804–810
M. D. Brand (2000) ArticleTitleUncoupling to survive? The role of mitochondrial inefficiency in ageing Exp. Gerontol. 35 811–820 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0531-5565(00)00135-2 Occurrence Handle11053672
B. Cannon J. Nedergaard (2004) ArticleTitleBrown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance Physiol. Rev. 84 277–359 Occurrence Handle10.1152/physrev.00015.2003 Occurrence Handle14715917
T. M. Casey C. P. Ellington (1989) Energetics of insect flight W. Weiser E. Gnaiger (Eds) Energy Transformation in Cells and Animals Stuttgart Thieme Stuttgart 200–210
R. F. Chapman (1998) The Insects – Structure and Function EditionNumber4th Cambridge Univesity Press Cambridge
M. G. Clark D. P. Bloxham P. C. Holland H. A. Laedy (1973) ArticleTitleEstimation of the fructose diphosphatase — phosphofructokinase substrate cycle in the flight muscle of Bombus affinisi Biochem. J. 134 589–597
A. Collin R. D. Malheiros V. M. Moraes P. As ParticleVan V. M. Darras M. Taouis E. Decuypere J. Buyse (2003) ArticleTitleEffects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens Br. J. Nutr. 90 IssueID2 261–269 Occurrence Handle10.1079/BJN2003910 Occurrence Handle12908886
M. J. Considine D. O. Daley J. Whelan (2001) ArticleTitleThe expression of alternative oxidase and uncoupling protein during fruit ripening in mango Plant Physiol. 126 1619–1629 Occurrence Handle10.1104/pp.126.4.1619 Occurrence Handle11500560
J. Davenport (1992) Animal Life at Low Temperature Chapman and Hall London
W. R. Dawson Hudson (1973) Birds G. C. Whittow (Eds) Comparative Physiology of Thermoregulation Academic Press New York
A. M. Diehl J. B. Hoek (1999) ArticleTitleMitochondrial uncoupling: role of uncoupling protein anion carriers and relationship to thermo-genesis and weight control “the benefits of losing control J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 31 493–506 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1005452624640 Occurrence Handle10653477
C. Duch H. J. Pfluger (1999) ArticleTitleDUM neurons in locust flight: a model system for amine-mediated peripheral adjustments to a central motor program J. Comp. Physiol. A 184 489–499 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s003590050349
R. Dudley (1998) ArticleTitleAtmospheric oxygen, giant Paleozoic insects and the evolution of aerial locomotor performance J. Exp. Biol. 201 1043–1050 Occurrence Handle9510518
E. Dumonteil H. Barre G. Meissner (1995) ArticleTitleExpression of sarcoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+ transport proteins in cold-acclimating ducklings Am. J. Physiol. 269 955–960
C. Durst S. Eichmuller R. Menzel (1994) ArticleTitleDevelopment and experience lead to increased volume of subcompartments of the honeybee mushroom body Behav. Neural. Biol. 62 259–263 Occurrence Handle7857249
M. M Elekonich D. J. Schulz G. Bloch G. E. Robinson (2001) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone leveis in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) foragers: foraging experience and diurnal variation J. Insect Physiol. 47 1119–1125 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-1910(01)00090-7 Occurrence Handle12770189
C. P. Ellington (1985) ArticleTitlePower and efficiency of insect flight muscle J. Exp. Biol. 115 293–304 Occurrence Handle4031771
H. Esch F. Goller B. Heinrich (1991) ArticleTitleHow do bees shiver? Naturwissenschaften 78 325–328 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF01221422
P. D. Evans (1980) ArticleTitleBiogenic amines in the insect nervous system Adv. Insect Physiol. 15 417–473
P. D. Evans (1985) Octopamine G. A. Kerkut L. I. Gilbert (Eds) Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology NumberInSeries 11 Pharmacology, Pergamon Press Oxford 4990–530
P. D. Evans (1993) Molecular studies on insect octopamine receptors Y. Pichon (Eds) Comparative Molecular Neurobiology Birkhauser Basel 286–296
C. M. Evock-Clover S. M. Poch M. P. Richards C. M. Ashwell J. P. McMurtry (2002) ArticleTitleExpression of an uncoupling protein gene homolog in chickens Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 133 IssueID2 345–358 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00113-7 Occurrence Handle12208305
S. E. Fahrbach (1997) ArticleTitleRegulation of age polyethism in bees and wasps by juvenile hormone Adv. Study Behav. 26 285–316
S. E. Fahrbach T. Giray S. M. Farris G. E. Robinson (1997) ArticleTitleExpansion of the neuropil of the mushroom bodies in male honeybees is coincident with initiation of flight Neurosci. Lett. 236 IssueID3 135–138 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00772-6 Occurrence Handle9406755
S. E. Fahrbach T. Giray G. E. Robinson (1995) ArticleTitleVolume changes in the mushroom bodies of adult honey bee queens Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 63 181–191 Occurrence Handle10.1006/nlme.1995.1019 Occurrence Handle7663892
C. Fleury M. Neverova S. Collins S. Raimbault O. Champigny C. Levi-Mcyrucis F. Bouillaud M. F. Seldin R. S. Surwit D. Ricquier. C. H. Warden (1997) ArticleTitleUncoupung protein−2: a novel gene linked to obesity and hyperinsulinemia Nat. Genet. 15 269–272 Occurrence Handle10.1038/ng0397-269 Occurrence Handle9054939
Françoso-Júnior, O. A. (1999) Estudo comparativo do metabolismo aeróbico de Melipona bicolor Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). PhD Dissertation, Bioscience Institute, University of São Paulo
Y. C. Fridell A. Sanches-Blanco B. A. Silvia S. L. Helfand (2004) ArticleTitleFunctional characterization of a Drosophila mitochondrial uncoupling protein J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 36 IssueID3 219–228 Occurrence Handle10.1023/B:JOBB.0000031973.20153.c6 Occurrence Handle15337852
J. Galitzky D. Langin P. Verwaerde J. L. Montastruc M. Lafontan M. Berlan (1997) ArticleTitleLipolytic effects of conventional beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists and of CGP 12,177 in rat and human fat cells: preliminary pharmacological evidence for a putative beta 4-adrenoceptor Br. J. Pharmacol. 122 1244–1250 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.bjp.0701523 Occurrence Handle9401793
T. Giray G. E. Rohinson (1996) ArticleTitleCommon endocrine and genetic mechanisms of behavioral development in male and worker honey bees and the evolution of division of labor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 11718–11722 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.93.21.11718 Occurrence Handle8876203
D. W. Gong Y. He M. Karas M. Reitman (1997) ArticleTitleUncoupling protein-3 is a mediator of thermogenesis regulated by thyroid hormone, beta3-adrenergic agonists and leptin J. Biol. Chem. 272 24129–24132 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.272.39.24129 Occurrence Handle9305858
M. W. Goosey D. J. Candy (1982) ArticleTitleThe release and removal of octopamine by tissues of the locust Schistocerca Americana gregaria Insect Biochem. 12 681–685 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0020-1790(82)90057-9
J. G. Granneman M. Burnazi Z. Zhu L. A. Schwamb (2003) ArticleTitleWhite adipose tissue contributes to UCP1-independent thermogenesis Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 285 IssueID6 E1230–E1236 Occurrence Handle12954594
L. Grohmann W. Blenau J. Erber P. R. Ebert T. Strunker A. Baumann (2003) ArticleTitleMolecular and functional characterization of an octopamine receptor from honeybee (Apis mellifera) brain J. Neurochem. 86 IssueID3 725–735 Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01876.x Occurrence Handle12859685
D. Grujic V. S. Susulic M. E. Harper J. Himms-Hagen B. A. Cunningham B. E. Corkey B. B. Lowell (1997) ArticleTitleBeta3-adrenergic receptors on white and brown adipocytes mediate beta3-selective agonist-induced effects on energy expenditure, insulin secretion, and food intake: a study using transgenic and gene knockout mice J. Biol. Chem. 272 17686–17693 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.272.28.17686 Occurrence Handle9211919
A. C. Guyton J. E. Hall (1996) Textbook of Medical Physiology Saunders Philadelphia
P. Hanak P. Jezek (2001) ArticleTitleMitochondrial uncoupling proteins and phylogenesis – UCP4 as the ancestral uncoupling protein FEBS Lett. 495 137–141 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02338-9 Occurrence Handle11334880
J. Harrison (1986) ArticleTitleCaste-specific changes in honeybee flight capacity Physiol. Zoo./ 59 175–187
J. F. Harrison J. H. Fewell (2002) ArticleTitleEnvironmental and genetic influences on flight metabolic rate in the honeybee Apis mellifera Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 133A 323–333
K. Hartfelder (2000) ArticleTitleInsect juvenile hormone: from ``status quo” to high society Braz. J.Med. Biol. Res. 33 157–177 Occurrence Handle10.1590/S0100-879X2000000200003 Occurrence Handle10657056
J. E. Heath R. K. Josephson (1970) ArticleTitleBody temperature and singing in the katydid, , Neoconocephalus robustus (Orthoptera, Tetragoniidae) Biol. Bull. 138 272–285
B. Heinrich (1970) ArticleTitleThoracic temperature stabilization by blood circulation in a free-flying moth Science 168 580–582
B. Heinrich (1972) ArticleTitleEnergetics of temperature regulation and foraging in a bumblebee, Bambus terricola Kirby J. Comp. Physiol. 77 49–64 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00696519
B. Heinrich (1974) ArticleTitleThermoregulation in endothermic insects Science 185 747–756 Occurrence Handle4602075
B. Heinrich (1975) ArticleTitleThermoregulation in bumblebees. II. Energetics of warm-up and free flight J. Comp. Physiol. 96 155–166
B. Heinrich (1976) ArticleTitleMechanisms of heat exchange between thorax and abdomen in bumblebees J. Exp. Biol. 64 561–585 Occurrence Handle945321
B. Heinrich (1979) ArticleTitleKeeping a cool head: honeybee thermoregulation Science 205 269–271
B. Heinrich (1993) Hot-blooded Insects: Strategies and Mechanisms of Thermoregulation Springer-Verlag Berlin
R. C. Herold (1965) ArticleTitleDevelopment and ultrastructural changes of sarcosomes during honey bee flight muscle development Dev. Biol. 12 269–286 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0012-1606(65)90031-X Occurrence Handle5884146
R. C. Herold H. Borei (1963) ArticleTitleCytochrome changes during honey bee flight muscle development Dev. Biol. 8 67–79 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0012-1606(63)90026-5
J. Hinuns-Hagen (1990) ArticleTitleBrown adipose tissue thennogenesis: inter-disciplinary studies FASEB J. 4 2890–2898 Occurrence Handle2199286
C. Hioki T. Yoshida A. Kogure Y. Takakura T. Umekawa K. Yoshioka A. Shimatsu T. Yoshikawa (2004) ArticleTitleEffects of growth hormone (GH) on mRNA levels of uncoupling proteins 1,2, and 3 in brown and white adipose tissues and skeletal muscle in obese mice Horm. Metab. Res. 36 IssueID9 607–613 Occurrence Handle10.1055/s-2004-825905 Occurrence Handle15486811
P. Hochachka G. N. Somero (1984) Biochemical Adaptation Princeton University Press Preinceton
P. Hochachka G. N. Somero (2002) Biochemical Adaptation – Mechanisms and Processes in Physiological Evolution Oxford University Press Oxford
H. Hoppeler S. L. Lindstedt (1985) ArticleTitleMalleability of skeletal muscle in overcoming limitations: structural elements J. Exp. Biol. 115 355–364 Occurrence Handle4031775
G. Horseman R. Hartman M. Virant-Doberlet W. Loher F. Huber (1994) ArticleTitleNervous control of juvenile hormone biosysnthesis in Locusta migratoria Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91 2960–2964 Occurrence Handle8159687
A. J. Hulbert (2000) ArticleTitleThyroid hormones and their effects: a new perspective Biol. Rev. 75 519–631 Occurrence Handle10.1017/S146479310000556X Occurrence Handle11117200
Z. -Y. Huang G. E. Robinson D. W. Borst (1994) ArticleTitlePhysiological correlates of division of labor among similarly aged honey bees J. Comp. Physiol. A 174 731–739 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00192722 Occurrence Handle8014920
O. Jassim Z. Y. Huang G. E. Robinson (2000) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone profiles of worker honey bees,, Apis mellifera, during normal and accelerated behavioural development J. Insect Physiol. 46 243–249 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00176-6 Occurrence Handle12770228
W. Jarmuszkiewicz C. M. Sluse-Goffart L. Hryniewiecka F. E. Sluse (1999) ArticleTitleIdentification and characterization of a protozoan uncoupling protein in Acanthamoeba castellanii J. Biol. Chem. 274 IssueID33 23198–23202 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.274.33.23198 Occurrence Handle10438491
W. Jarmuszkiewicz N. Antos A. Swida M. Czarna F. E. Sluse (2004) ArticleTitleThe effect of growth at low temperature on the activity and expression of the uncoupling protein in Acanthamoeba castellanii mitochondria FEBS Lett. 569 IssueID1–3 178–184 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.febslet.2004.05.046 Occurrence Handle15225630
P. Jezek (2002) ArticleTitlePossible physiological roles of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins—UCP Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 34 1190–1206 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1357-2725(02)00061-4 Occurrence Handle12127570
R. K. Josephson (1981) Temperature and the mechanical performance of insect muscle B. Heinrich (Eds) Insect Thermoregulation Wiley-Interscience Publication New York
A. Kaatz S. Eichmulkr U. S. Kreiss (1994) ArticleTitleStimulatory effect of octopamine on Juvenile hormone biosynthesis in honey bees (Apis mellifera): physiological and immunocytochemical evidence J. Insect Physiol. 40 865–872 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-1910(94)90020-5
Y. Kagawa S. H. Chá K. Hasegawa T. Hamamoto H. Endo (1999) ArticleTitleRegulation of energy metabolism in human cells in aging and diabetes Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 266 662–676 Occurrence Handle10.1006/bbrc.1999.1884 Occurrence Handle10603304
K. Kajimoto N. Yamazaki M. Kataoka H. Terada Y. Shinohara (2004) ArticleTitleIdentification of possible protein machinery involved in the thermogenic function of brown adipose tissue J. Med. Invest. 51 IssueID1–2 20–28 Occurrence Handle10.2152/jmi.51.20 Occurrence Handle15000252
A. E. Kammer (1981) Physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation B. Heinrich (Eds) Insect Thermoregulation Wiley-Interscience Publication New York
A. J. Kaumann (1997) ArticleTitleFour beta-adrenoceptor subtypes in the mammalian heart Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 18 70–76 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0165-6147(96)01033-4 Occurrence Handle9133774
J. G. Kingsolver M. A. R. Koehl (1985) ArticleTitleAerodynamics, thermoregulation and the evolution of insect wings: differential scaling and evolutionary change Evolution 39 488–504
J. G. Kingsolver M. A. R. Koehl (1994) ArticleTitleSelective factors in the evolution of insect wings A. Rev. Ent. 39 425–451 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.en.39.010194.002233
M. Laloi M. Klein J. W. Ricsraeicr B. MuDer-Rober C. Fleury F. Bouillaud D. Ricquier (1997) ArticleTitleA plant cold-induced uncoupling protein Nature 389 135–136 Occurrence Handle10.1038/38156 Occurrence Handle9296489
M. Liebig C. Praun ParticleVon G. Heldmaier M. Klingenspor (2004) ArticleTitleAbsence of UCP3 in brown adipose tissue does not impair nonshivering thermogenesis Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 IssueID1 116–126 Occurrence Handle10.1086/381464 Occurrence Handle15057722
O. Lindberg J. DePierre E. Rylander B. A. Afzelius (1967) ArticleTitleStudies of the mitochondrial energy-transfer system of brown adipose tissue J. Cell. Biol. 34 293–310 Occurrence Handle10.1083/jcb.34.1.293 Occurrence Handle6033537
W. Mao X. X. Yu A. Zhong W. Li J. Brush S. W. Sherwood S. H. Adams G. Pan (1999) ArticleTitleUCP4, a novel brain-specific mitochondrial protein that reduces membrane potential in mammalian cells FEBS Lett. 443 326–330 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01713-X Occurrence Handle10025957
K. Maruyama K. Moriwaki (1958) ArticleTitleRespiratory enzyme systems and muscular function in honeybee thoracic muscle Enzymologia 19 211–219 Occurrence Handle13562038
A. Matthias K. E. B. Ohlson J. M. Fredriksson A. Jacobsson J. Nedergaard B. Cannon (2000) ArticleTitleThermogenic responses in brown-fat cells are fully UCP1-dependent: UCP2 or UCP3 do not substitute for UCP1 in adrenergically or fatty-acid induced thermogenesis J. Biol. Chem. 275 25073–25081 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.M000547200 Occurrence Handle10825155
M. L. May (1976) ArticleTitleThermoregulation and adaptation to temperature in dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) Ecol. Monogr. 46 1–32
T. Mentel C. Duch H. Stypa G. Wegener U. Muller H. J. Pfluger (2003) ArticleTitleCentral modulatory neurons control fuel selection in flight muscle of migratory locust J. Neurosci. 23 IssueID4 1109–1113 Occurrence Handle12598597
A. R. Mercer P. G. Mobbs A. P. Davenport P. D. Evans (1983) ArticleTitleBiogenic amines in the brain of the honeybee Apis mellifera Cell Tissue Res. 234 655–677 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00218658 Occurrence Handle6420063
G. Mory D. Ricquier P. Pesquies P. Hemon (1981) ArticleTitleEffects of hypothyroidism on the brown adipose tissue of adult rats; comparison with the effects of adaptation to cold J. Endocrinol. 91 515–524 Occurrence Handle7328374
E. A. Newsholme B. Crabtree S. J. Higgins S. D. Thornton C. Start (1972) ArticleTitleThe activities of fructose diphosphatase in flight muscles from the bumblebee and the role of this enzyme in heat generation Biochem. J. 128 89–97 Occurrence Handle4343671
H. F. Nijhout (1994) Insect Hormones Princeton University Press Princeton
F. Nijkamp P. Engels A. Henricks A. J. Oosterhout ParticleVan (1992) ArticleTitleMechanisms of beta-adrenergic receptor regulation in lungs and its implications for physiological responses Physiol. Rev. 72 323–367 Occurrence Handle1313586
D. O. Norris (1997) Vertebrate Endocrinology EditionNumber3rd Academic Press New York
V. J. A. Novak (1966) Insect Hormones Methuen and Co. Ltd London
J. H. Oppenheimer H. L. Schwartz J. T. Lane M. P. Thompson (1991) ArticleTitleFunctional relationship thyroid hormone-induced lipogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in the rat J. Clin. Invest. 87 125–132 Occurrence Handle1985090
I. Orchard B. G. Loughton (1981) ArticleTitleIs octopamine a transmitter mediating hormone release in insects? J. Neurobiol. 12 IssueID2 143–153 Occurrence Handle10.1002/neu.480120204 Occurrence Handle6260893
I. Orchard J. M. Ramirez A. B. Lange (1993) ArticleTitleA multifunctional role for octopamine in locust flight Annu. Rev. Entomol. 38 227–249 Occurrence Handle10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001303
F. Preitner P. Muzzin J. P. Revelli J. Seydoux J. Galitzky M. Berlan M. Lafontan J. P. Giacobino (1998) ArticleTitleMetabolic response to various beta-adrenoceptor agonists in beta 3−adrenoceptor knockout mice: evidence for a new beta – adrenergic receptor in brown adipose tissue Br. J. Pharmacol. 124 1684–1688 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.bjp.0702007 Occurrence Handle9756384
S. B Prusiner B. Cannon T. M. Ching O. Lindberg (1968) ArticleTitleOxidative metabolism in cells isolated from brown adipose tissue – Catecholamine-regulated respiratory control Eur. J. Biochem. 7 51–57 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb19572.x Occurrence Handle5707712
S. Raimbault S. Dridi F. Denjean J. Lachuer E. Couplan F. Bouillaud A. Bordas C. Duchamp M. Taouis D. Ricquier (2001) ArticleTitleAn uncoupling protein homologue putatively involved in facultative muscle thermogenesis in birds Biochem. J. 353 441–444 Occurrence Handle10.1042/0264-6021:3530441 Occurrence Handle11171038
D. Randall W. Burggren K. French (1997) Animal Physiology EditionNumber4th W. H. Freeman and Company, New York
M. A. Rankin (1989) Hormonal control of flight G. J. Goldsworthy C. H. Wheeler (Eds) Insect Flight CRC Press Boca Raton 139–163
L. L. Restifo K. White (1990) ArticleTitleMolecular and genetic approaches to neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems in Drosophila Adv. Insect Physiol. 22 115–119
G. Riccioni V. Mennla M. S. Lambo R. Della Vecchia C. Ílio ParticleDi A. Lorenzo ParticleDe N. D’Orazio (2004) ArticleTitleLeptin and hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid axis Clin. Ter. 155 IssueID1 29–31 Occurrence Handle15147079
D. Ricquier F. Bouillaud (2000) ArticleTitleThe uncoupling protein homologues: UCP1. UCP2, UCP3. StUCP and AtUCP Biochem. J. 345 161–179 Occurrence Handle10.1042/0264-6021:3450161 Occurrence Handle10620491
G. E. Robinson (1987) Hormonal regulation of age polyethism in the honeybee, Apis mellifera R. Menzel A. Mercer (Eds) Neurobiology and Behavior of Honeybees Springer-Verlag Berlin 266–279
G. E. Robinson J. R. E. Page C. Strambi A. Strambi (1989) ArticleTitleHormonal and genetic control of behavioral integration in honey bee colonies Science 246 109–112
G. E. Robinson C. Strambi M. F. Feldlaufer (1991) ArticleTitleComparision of juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid hemolymph titers in adult worker and queen honey bees (Apis mellifera) J. Insect Physiol. 37 929–935 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-1910(91)90008-N
G. E. Robinson (2002) ArticleTitleGenomics and integrative analyses of division of labor in honeybee colonies Am. Nat. 160 S160–S172 Occurrence Handle10.1086/342901
T. Roeder (1995) ArticleTitlePharmacology of the octopamine receptor from locust central nervous tissue (OAR3) Br. J. Pharmacol. 114 210–216 Occurrence Handle7712020
T. Roeder (1999) ArticleTitleOctopamine in invertebrates Prog. Neurobiol. 59 533–561 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00016-7 Occurrence Handle10515667
A. K. Salm K. D. McCarthy (1992) ArticleTitleThe evidence for astrocytes as a target for central noradrenergic activity: expression of adrenergic receptors Brain. Res. Bull. 29 265–275 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0361-9230(92)90056-4 Occurrence Handle1393601
D. Sanchis C. Fleury N. Choraϊki M. Goubern Q. Huang M. Nevcrova F. Gregoire J. Easlick S. Raimbault C. Levi-Meyrueis B. Miroux S. Collins M. Seldin D. Richard C Warden F. Bouillaud D. Ricquier (1998) ArticleTitleBMCP1, a novel mitochondrial carrier with high expression in the central nervous system of humans and rodents, and respiration uncoupling activity in recombinant yeast J. Biol. Chem. 273 34611–34615 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.273.51.34611 Occurrence Handle9852133
R. Scheiner S. Pluckhahn B. Oney W. Blenau J. Erber (2002) ArticleTitleBehavioural pharmacology of octopamine,, tyramine and dopamine in honey bees Behav. Brain Res. 136 545–553 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0166-4328(02)00205-X Occurrence Handle12429417
P. Schrauwen M. Hesselink (2002) ArticleTitleUCP2 and UCP3 in muscle controlling body metabolism J. Exp. Biol. 205 2275–2285 Occurrence Handle12110661
D. J. Schulz G. E. Robinson (1999) ArticleTitleBiogenic amines and division of labor in honey bee colonies: behaviorally related changes in the antennal lobes and age-related changes in the mushroom bodies J. Comp. Physiol. A 184 481–488 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s003590050348 Occurrence Handle10377981
D. J. Schulz Z. Y. Hnang G. E. Robinson (1998) ArticleTitleEffects of colony food shortage on behavioral development in honey bees Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 42 295–303 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s002650050442
D. J. Schulz G. E. Robinson (2001) ArticleTitleOctopamine influences division of labor in honey bee colonies J. Comp. Physiol. A 187 53–61 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s003590000177 Occurrence Handle11318378
D. J. Schulz M. M. Elekonich G. E. Robinson (2002a) ArticleTitleBiogenic amines in the antenna lobes and the initiation and maintenance of foraging behavior in honey bees J. Neurobiol. 54 406–416 Occurrence Handle10.1002/neu.10138
D. J. Schulz J. P. Sullivan G. E. Robinson (2002b) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone and octopamine in the regulation of division of labor in honeybee colonies Horm. Behav. 42 IssueID2 222–231 Occurrence Handle10.1006/hbeh.2002.1806
J. Seydoux J. P. Giacobuio L. Giranuer. (1982) ArticleTitleImpaired metabolic response to nerve stimulation in brown adipose tissue of hypothyroid rats Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 25 213–226 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0303-7207(82)90054-5 Occurrence Handle6276252
J. E. Silva (1995) ArticleTitleThyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance Thyroid 5 481–492 Occurrence Handle8808101
J. E. Silva (2003) ArticleTitleThe thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone and its clinical implications Ann. Intern. Med. 139 205–213 Occurrence Handle12899588
R. Spiess U. Rose (2004) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone-dependent motor activation in the adult locust Locusta migratoria J. Comp. Physiol. A 190 IssueID11 883–894
J. F. Staples E. L. Koen T. M. Laverty (2004) ArticleTitle``Futile cycle” enzymes in the flight muscles of North American bumblebees J. Exp. Biol. 207 IssueIDPt 5 749–754 Occurrence Handle10.1242/jeb.00825 Occurrence Handle14747407
G. Stepien M. Renaud I. Savre R. Durand (1988) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone increases mitochondrial activities in Drosophila cells Insect Biochem. 18 313–321 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0020-1790(88)90096-0
R. K. Suarez C. D. Moyes (1992) ArticleTitleMitochondrial respiration in locust flight muscles J. Exp. Biol. 263 351–355
J. P. Sullivan O. Jassim S. E. Fahrbach G. E. Robinson (2000) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone paces behavioral development in the adult worker honeybee Horm. Behav. 37 1–14 Occurrence Handle10.1006/hbeh.1999.1552 Occurrence Handle10712853
J. P. Sullivan S. E. Fahrbach J. F. Harrison E. A. Capaldi J. H. Fewell G. E. Robinson (2003) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone and division of labor in honey bee colonies: effects of allatectomy on flight behavior and metabolism J. Exp. Biol. 206 2287–2296 Occurrence Handle10.1242/jeb.00432 Occurrence Handle12771177
V. S. Susulic R. C. Frederich J. Lawitts E. Tozzo B. B. Kahn M. E. Harper J. Himms-Hagen J. S. Flier B. B. Lowell (1995) ArticleTitleTargeted disruption of the beta3-drenergic receptor gene J. Biol. Chem. 270 29483–29492 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.270.49.29483 Occurrence Handle7493988
C. S. Thompson K. J. Yagi Z. F. Chen S. S. Tobe (1990) ArticleTitleThe effects of octopamine on juvenile hormone biosynthesis,, electrophysiology, and cAMP content of the Corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata J. Comp. Physiol. B. 160 IssueID3 41–49 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00302589 Occurrence Handle2355116
S. S. Tobe B. Stay (1985) ArticleTitleStructure and regulation of the Corpus allatum Adv. Insect Physiol. 18 305–432
M. Toyomizu M. Ueda S. Sato Y. Seki K Sato Y. Akiba (2002) ArticleTitleCold-induced mitochondrial uncoupling and expression of chicken UCP and ANT mRNA in chicken skeletal muscle FEBS Lett. 529 IssueID2–3 313–318 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03395-1 Occurrence Handle12372620
S. O. Tozetto A. Rachinsky W. Engels (1997) ArticleTitleJuvenile hormone promotes flight activity in drones (Apis mellifera carnica) Apidologie 28 77–84
C. R. Vianna T. Hagen C. Y. Zhang E. Bachman O. Boss B. Gereben A. S. Moriscot B. B. Lowell J. E. P. W. Bicudo A. C. Bianco (2001) ArticleTitleCloning and functional characterization of an uncoupling protein homolog in hummingbirds Physiol. Genomics. 5 IssueID3 137–145 Occurrence Handle11285367
A. J. Vidal-Puig D. Grujic C. Y. Zhang T. Hagen O. Boss Y Ido A. Szczepanik J. Wade V. Mootha R. Cortright D. M. Muoio B. B. Lowell (2000) ArticleTitleEnergy metabolism in uncoupling protein 3 gene knockout mice J. Biol. Chem. 275 16258–16266 Occurrence Handle10.1074/jbc.M910179199 Occurrence Handle10748196
R. T. Weirich H. L. Schwartz J. H. Oppenheimer (1987) ArticleTitleAn analysis of the interrelationship of nuclear and plasma triiodothyronine in the sea lamprey, lake trout, and rat: evolutionary considerations Endocrinology 120 664–677 Occurrence Handle3803297
G. Wegener R. Michel E. A. Newsholme (1986) ArticleTitleFructose 2,,6-bisphosphate as a signal for changing from sugar to lipid oxidation during flight in locusts FEBS Lett. 201 129–132 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0014-5793(86)80584-1
D. M. Wilson (1962) ArticleTitleBifunctional muscles in the thorax of grasshoppers J. Exp. Biol. 39 669–677
G. S. Withers S. E. Fahrbach G. E. Robinson (1993) ArticleTitleSelective neuroanatomical plasticity and division of labour in the honeybee Nature 364 238–240 Occurrence Handle10.1038/364238a0 Occurrence Handle8321320
G. S. Withers S. E. Fahrbach G. E. Robinson (1995) ArticleTitleEffects of experience and juvenile hormone on the organization of the mushroom bodies of honey bees J. Neurobiol. 26 130–144 Occurrence Handle10.1002/neu.480260111 Occurrence Handle7714522
T. R. F. Wright (1987) ArticleTitleThe genetics of biogenic amine metabolism, sclerotization, and melanization in Drosophila melanogaster Adv. Genet. 24 127–222 Occurrence Handle3124532
G. R. Wyatt K. G. Davey (1996) ArticleTitleCellular and molecular actions of juvenile hormone. II. Roles of juvenile hormone in adult insects Adv. Insect Physiol. 26 2–155
X. Q. Xiao K. L. Grove B. E. Grayson M. S. Smith (2004) ArticleTitleInhibition of uncoupling protein expression during lactation: role of leptin Endocrinology 145 IssueID2 830–838 Occurrence Handle10.1210/en.2003-0836 Occurrence Handle14605003
A. J. Zera Z. Zhao (2004) ArticleTitleEffect of a juvenile hormone analogue on lipid metabolism in a wing-polymorphic cricket: implications for the endocrine-biochemical bases of life-history trade-offs Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 77 IssueID2 255–266 Occurrence Handle10.1086/383500 Occurrence Handle15095245
J. Zhao L. Unelius T. Bengtsson B. Cannon J. Nedergaard (1994) ArticleTitleCoexisting beta–adrenoceptor subtypes: significance for thermogenic process in brown fat cells Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 267 C969–C979
Z. Zhao A. J. Zera (2002) ArticleTitleDifferential lipid biosynthesis underlies a tradeoff between reproduction and flight capability in a wing-polymorphic cricket Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99 IssueID26 16829–16834 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.262533999 Occurrence Handle12486227
Z. Zhao A. J. Zera (2004) ArticleTitleThe hemolymph JH titer exhibits a large-amplitude, morph-dependent, diurnal cycle in the wing-polymorphic cricket, Gryllus firmus J. Insect. Physiol. 50 IssueID1 93–102 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.jinsphys.2003.10.003 Occurrence Handle15037097
A. Zorzano D. Bach S. Pich M. Palacin (2004) ArticleTitleRole of novel mitochondrial proteins in energy balance Rev. Med. Univ. Navarra 48 IssueID2 30–35 Occurrence Handle15382611
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Loli, D., Bicudo, J.E.P.W. Control and Regulatory Mechanisms Associated with Thermogenesis in Flying Insects and Birds. Biosci Rep 25, 149–180 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2883-8
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10540-005-2883-8